Rapid assessment of 3-dimensional intra-tumor heterogeneity through cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis.

Objective: Tumors are heterogeneous three-dimensional masses populated by numerous cell types, including distinct sub-clones of cancerous cells. Various sub-clones within the same tumor mass may respond differently to cancer treatment, and intra-tumor heterogeneity contributes to acquired therapeutic resistance. Thus, one tissue biopsy will in most cases not be representative of the entire genetic landscape of a tumor mass.

PML Regulates the Epidermal Differentiation Complex and Skin Morphogenesis during Mouse Embryogenesis.

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is an essential component of nuclear compartments called PML bodies. This protein participates in several cellular processes, including growth control, senescence, apoptosis, and differentiation. Previous studies have suggested that PML regulates gene expression at a subset of loci through a function in chromatin remodeling.

Coordinated collective migration and asymmetric cell division in confluent human keratinocytes without wounding.

Epithelial sheet spreading is a fundamental cellular process that must be coordinated with cell division and differentiation to restore tissue integrity. Here we use consecutive serum deprivation and re-stimulation to reconstruct biphasic collective migration and proliferation in cultured sheets of human keratinocytes. In this system, a burst of long-range coordinated locomotion is rapidly generated throughout the cell sheet in the absence of wound edges.

Does Fear Increase Search Effort in More Numerate People? An Experimental Study Investigating Information Acquisition in a Decision From Experience Task.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of numeracy and the emotion of fear on the decision-making process. While previous research demonstrated that these factors are independently related to search effort, search policy and choice in a decision from experience task, less is known about how their interaction contributes to processing information under uncertainty. We attempted to address this problem and to fill this gap.

Visualization of PML nuclear import complexes reveals FG-repeat nucleoporins at cargo retrieval sites.

Selective nuclear import in eukaryotic cells involves sequential interactions between nuclear import receptors and phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-repeat nucleoporins. Traditionally, binding of cargoes to import receptors is perceived as a nuclear pore complex independent event, while interactions between import complexes and nucleoporins are thought to take place at the nuclear pores. However, studies have shown that nucleoporins are mobile and not static within the nuclear pores, suggesting that they may become engaged in nuclear import before nuclear pore entry.

Do endometriomas induce an inflammatory reaction in nearby follicles?

Study Question: Do endometriomas induce an inflammatory reaction with increased cytokine concentrations in nearby follicles and thereby affect follicular development during controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

Summary Answer: With most endometriomas, there is no evidence of increased cytokine concentrations in the ipsilateral leading follicle. Infrequently, the concentration of inflammatory cytokines is increased in the follicular fluid (FF) and associated with diminished ovarian response.

What Is Known Already: The link between peritoneal endometriosis, inflammation and infertility is well established; however, the association between intraovarian inflammation and endometrioma is unknown.

Interaction between granulosa-lutein cells and monocytes regulates secretion of angiogenic factors in vitro.

Background: Leukocyte infiltration and angiogenesis in the forming corpus luteum are prerequisites for normal ovarian function and may also underlie disorders like ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. We examined whether ovarian angiogenesis could be affected by an interaction between granulosa-lutein (GL) cells and leukocytes.

Methods And Results: We found that GL cells isolated from the follicular fluid synthesize and secrete the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), which activates IL-8-receptor-specific Ca(2+) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in monocytes and induces a directed migration of these cells towards the chemical gradient.

Differential release of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases by human granulosa-lutein cells and ovarian leukocytes.

Tissue reorganization during ovulation and corpus luteum formation involves a coordinated action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue MMP inhibitors (TIMPs). In this study we investigated the cellular source of ovarian MMPs and TIMPs. Cells isolated from the preovulatory human follicle were cultured after immunobead depletion of CD45-expressing cells, which allowed differential assessment of leukocyte and granulosa-lutein cell fractions.

Cellular interaction regulates interleukin-8 secretion by granulosa-lutein cells and monocytes/macrophages.

Problem: Peri-ovulatory migration of leukocytes towards the follicle plays an important role during corpus luteum formation. In this study, we examined the secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin (IL)-8 by ovarian GL cells and the role of monocytes in IL-8 secretion.

Method Of Study: Granulosa-lutein cells were isolated from the pre-ovulatory follicle.