One size does not fit all: Perspectives from Swedish midwives on fetal movement counselling.

Problem: Migration continues to play a role in determining health outcomes related to pregnancy and childbirth in Sweden.

Background: Migrant women have, compared to Swedish-born women, increased risks of adverse birth outcomes. Previous research suggests that migrant women seek care for decreased fetal movements less than Swedish-born women.

Miscommunication influences how women act when fetal movements decrease an interview study with Swedish Somali migrant women.

Objective: To explore how Swedish Somali migrant women perceive fetal movements, process information about fetal movements, and take actions if decreased fetal activity occurs.

Design: A qualitative study based on individual semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analysed using content analysis.

Sub-chronic taurine administration induces behavioral sensitization but does not influence ethanol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.

Preclinical studies have shown that the amino acid taurine is of importance for the dopamine elevating properties of ethanol. Taurine intake has escalated over the last decade due to increased consumption of taurine-containing energy drinks and dietary supplements. Whether long-term intake of large amounts of taurine induces adaptations affecting ethanol-induced dopamine elevation is not clear.

Different dopamine tone in ethanol high- and low-consuming Wistar rats.

Excessive alcohol use causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system have been postulated as a neurobiological underpinning of excessive alcohol consumption, and recent research also suggests that the amino acid taurine plays a central role in ethanol-induced dopamine elevation. The aim of this study was to further outline the role of dopamine and taurine in regulating alcohol consumption.

Progressive modulation of accumbal neurotransmission and anxiety-like behavior following protracted nicotine withdrawal.

Due to the highly addictive properties of nicotine, a low percentage of users successfully maintain cessation for longer periods of time. This might be linked to neuroadaptations elicited by the drug, and understanding progressive changes in neuronal function might provide critical insight into nicotine addiction. We have previously shown that neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (nAc), a key brain region with respect to drug reinforcement and relapse, is suppressed for as long as seven months after a brief period of nicotine treatment.

Limiting glutamate transmission in a Vglut2-expressing subpopulation of the subthalamic nucleus is sufficient to cause hyperlocomotion.

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key area of the basal ganglia circuitry regulating movement. We identified a subpopulation of neurons within this structure that coexpresses Vglut2 and Pitx2, and by conditional targeting of this subpopulation we reduced Vglut2 expression levels in the STN by 40%, leaving Pitx2 expression intact. This reduction diminished, yet did not eliminate, glutamatergic transmission in the substantia nigra pars reticulata and entopeduncular nucleus, two major targets of the STN.