Re-Evaluation of a Hyperendemic Focus of Metastrongyloid Lungworm Infections in Gastropod Intermediate Hosts in Southern Germany.

The metastrongyloid nematodes , , and can cause severe cardiopulmonary and respiratory symptoms in domestic dogs and cats and free-ranging canids and felids (e.g., foxes, wolves, wild cats, lynxes).

Butyrate increases ICAM-1 expression in primary bovine endothelial cells through MCT1 and histone deacetylase inhibition.

Endothelial cells play a crucial role in the migration of leukocytes to sites of infection or inflammation, mainly through the expression of adhesion molecules. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the gut microbiota, exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory effects by regulating these molecules. This discrepancy may be related to the activation or inhibition of different targets, such as G-protein-coupled receptors and histone deacetylases.

Modulation of NETosis in Swine Neutrophil-Spermatozoa Co-Cultures In Vitro: Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Albumin, Prostaglandin E, and Seminal Plasma.

In swine reproduction, immune-mediated mechanisms such as neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation can affect sperm function and reduce fertility outcomes. This study evaluated the capacity of antioxidant and reproductive compounds-butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), prostaglandin E (PGE), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and seminal plasma (SP)-to modulate NETosis in co-cultures of swine neutrophils and cryopreserved spermatozoa. NET formation was quantified by nuclear area expansion and validated by digital cytometry and immunofluorescence.

Patent sp.-, and sp. infections in wild Eurasian lynxes () and their habitat-sharing gastropod intermediate hosts.

The formerly widely spread Eurasian lynx () nowadays represents an endangered large wild felid species in Germany. Recent and ongoing conservation efforts have succeeded in establishing small but stable lynx populations in distinct parts of Germany. However, very little is known on the occurrence of neglected and re-emerging gastropod-borne cardiopulmonary nematodes in wild populations in Europe.

Antioxidants as Modulators of NETosis: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a process known as NETosis and is a critical innate immune response mechanism that can become pathologically dysregulated in various inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in NETosis induction, making antioxidants a promising therapeutic approach. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms underlying NET formation and highlights three principal antioxidant-based inhibitory strategies: NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition, ROS scavenging, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) inhibition.

First identification of a patent pentastomid pulmonary () infection in a captive Meller's chameleon () in Germany.

A female, zoo-housed, adult Meller's giant one-horned chameleon () showed clinical symptoms including halitosis, obstipation, dysecdysis and shed pentastomid eggs with the faeces. After a patent pentastomiasis was diagnosed, the chameleon's condition worsened after repeated ivermectin treatments, and the animal was euthanized due to animal welfare reasons. The necropsy revealed that the lungs were infected with 29 adult pentastomid specimens.

Adverse impact of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection on human spermatozoa.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect virtually any nucleated cell within human and other endoderm animal tissue, including male reproductive organs. Herein, we investigate the capacity of T. gondii tachyzoites to infect and proliferate within the testes and epididymis and examine the resulting impact on human spermatozoa structure and functionality.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lipid and Metabolite Distributions in Cysts of -Infected Bovine Skin.

Bovine besnoitiosis is a disease caused by the obligate intracellular parasite . During its chronic stage, the parasite forms large, thick-walled cysts of up to 600 μm in diameter in the skin and other tissues. To assess an overview of parasite-induced metabolic changes during chronic infection, -infected skin samples were analyzed by high-resolution atmospheric-pressure scanning microprobe matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AP-SMALDI MSI).

AMPK and CAMKK activation participate in early events of -triggered NET formation in bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects humans, eventually causing severe diseases like prenatal or ocular toxoplasmosis. also infects cattle but rarely induces clinical signs in this intermediate host type. So far, the innate immune mechanisms behind the potential resistance of bovines to clinical infections remain unclear.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Species in Diarrheic Children in Cameroon.

Cryptosporidiosis remains a major cause of diarrhea-related childhood death, particularly in developing countries. Although effective anti-retroviral therapy has significantly reduced the cryptosporidiosis burden in western nations, the situation in developing countries remains alarming due to limited therapeutic options and a lack of preventive measures. To better control disease transmission and develop effective prevention strategies, a thorough understanding of the genetic diversity of circulating species is crucial.

Cellular immune responses of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils to .

infections have increased in Europe, being more frequent than fasciolosis in some areas. Infection occurs once definitive hosts ingest encysted metacercariae present on vegetation. Following excystation, juvenile flukes penetrate the small intestinal mucosa and migrate into the rumen where adults mature.

(Acari: Psoroptidae) infestations in Southern pudus (): and data of an unexpected host-parasite record.

(Acari: Psoroptidae) constitutes an obligate, non-burrowing ectoparasite and causes otodectic mange primarily in domestic and wild carnivores. Only few studies have described this parasite in herbivore hosts so far. In the current study, we report infestations in Southern pudus (), categorized in the IUCN red list as near threatened.

Isolation of a Novel Caprine Strain (GC) in Canary Islands and Analysis of Parasitological, Clinical, and Pathological Findings on Experimentally Infected Goat Kids.

is considered among the most pathogenic species in goats. The aim of this study was to isolate an strain and to assess its infectivity, pathogenicity, and ability to develop a protective immune response. After previous collection of -positive faeces, purification of oocysts, and amplification in donor animals, an experimental infection was carried out.

Occurrence of Chiorchis fabaceus (Trematoda: Cladorchiidae) in a wild Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus): New parasitological data for this imperilled sirenian.

Parasites impact wildlife populations and ecosystem health, thereby demanding regular monitoring. As part of the national conservation effort to preserve the free-ranging sirenians in Colombia, a parasitological survey was conducted between 2011 and 2023 on naturally deceased Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus). A total of 17 stranded carcasses were analysed for the occurrence of parasites.

Bovine PMN responses to extracellular vesicles released by tachyzoites and -infected host cells.

Bovine besnoitiosis is a re-emerging cattle disease caused by the apicomplexan parasite , which severely affects individual animal welfare and profitability in cattle industry. We recently showed that tachyzoite exposure to bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) effectively triggers neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, leading to parasite immobilization hampering host cell infection. So far, the triggers of this defense mechanism remain unclear.

Soluble Antigen (Ag)-Induced NETs Under Hypoxic Conditions Exert Cytotoxic Effects on Hepatic Cells In Vitro.

is a parasitic trematode that causes fasciolosis in sheep, provoking a decrease in their reproductive capacity, weight gain, meat and milk production, and wool quality. In the pathogenesis of , the penetration and migration of parasitic stages through the liver provoke intense inflammatory immune responses and tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of -induced ovine NETs in exposed hepatocytes in vitro, and to analyze whether antigens (Ag) trigger the release of ovine NETs under hypoxic conditions as well as the roles of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and CD11b in this cellular process in vitro.

Toxoplasma gondii infection induces early host cell cycle arrest and DNA damage in primary human host cells by a MYR1-dependent mechanism.

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, control its host cell cycle through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Key effector molecules, including MYR1 and HCE1, play roles in translocating parasite proteins and inducing host cellular cyclin E1 overexpression, respectively. We investigated the early role of MYR1- and HCE1-driven host cell cycle arrest and DNA damage (up to 3 h p.

Organ Tropism of Larval Stages in Infected African Giant Snails ().

is a metastrongyloid lungworm causing severe cardiovascular disease in domestic and wild animals. During its heteroxenous life cycle, requires obligate gastropod intermediate hosts. Little is known about larval organ tropism and development in gastropod intermediate hosts.

tachyzoite replication in bovine primary endothelial cells relies on host Niemann-Pick type C protein 1 for cholesterol acquisition.

is a cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite and the causal agent of bovine besnoitiosis. During early phase of infection, tachyzoites replicate within host endothelial cells in a host cell cholesterol-dependent process. By applying U18666A treatments, we here evaluated the role of Niemann-Pick type C protein 1 (NPC1) in both, intracellular replication and host cellular cholesterol distribution.

The CAMKK/AMPK Pathway Contributes to -Induced NETosis in Bovine Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils.

is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite and the causal agent of bovine besnoitiosis. Bovine besnoitiosis has a considerable economic impact in Africa and Asia due to reduced milk production, abortions, and bull infertility. In Europe, bovine besnoitiosis is classified as an emerging disease.

Cytotoxic Oxidative Stress Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps' Components on Cattle Spermatozoa.

Bovine spermatozoa are highly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS), and it is known to affect their cellular functions. The main leukocyte producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian semen are polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). PMN activation can result in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which have been shown to affect the motility and function of spermatozoa.

Extrusion of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Negatively Impacts Canine Sperm Functions: Implications in Reproductive Failure.

Reproductive failure in dogs is often due to unknown causes, and correct diagnosis and treatment are not always achieved. This condition is associated with various congenital and acquired etiologies that develop inflammatory processes, causing an increase in the number of leukocytes within the female reproductive tract (FRT). An encounter between polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and infectious agents or inflammation in the FRT could trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are associated with significantly decreased motility and damage to sperm functional parameters in other species, including humans.

Human dendritic cell interactions with the zoonotic parasite result in activation and maturation.

Cryptosporidiosis in humans is caused by infection of the zoonotic apicomplexan parasite . In 2006, it was included by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the group of the most neglected poverty-related diseases. It is characterized by enteritis accompanied by profuse catarrhalic diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality, especially in children of developing countries under the age of 5 years and in HIV patients.

Vaginal Microbiota and Proinflammatory Status in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Exploratory Study.

: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disease most common in patients of childbearing age. This pathology is associated with clinical, metabolic, and reproductive complications. We evaluated the diversity of the vaginal microbiota (VM), the vaginal inflammatory reaction (VIR), the proinflammatory state, and the activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) with the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).

Identification and Characterization of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) as Novel Diagnostic Marker of Onchocerciasis in Human Urine.

Despite several decades of mass drug administration and elimination-related activities, human onchocerciasis still represents a major parasitic threat in endemic regions. Among the challenges encountered by the elimination program is the lack of a suitable diagnostic tool that is accurate and non-invasive. Currently used methods are either invasive or not suitable for monitoring large numbers of patients.