Synthesis, Luminescence, and Electrochemistry of Tris-Chelate Platinum(IV) Complexes with Cyclometalated N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands and Aromatic Diimines.

Dicationic, -symmetrical, tris-chelate Pt(IV) complexes of general formula [Pt(trz)(N∧N)](OTf), bearing two cyclometalated 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (trz) ligands and one aromatic diimine [N∧N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, ), 4,4'-di--butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dbbpy, ), 4,4'-dimethoxi-2,2'-bipyridine (dMeO-bpy, ), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, ), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (bphen, ), dipyrido[3,2-:2',3'-]phenazine (dppz, ), or 2,3-diphenylpyrazino[2,3-][1,10]phenanthroline (dpprzphen, )] are obtained through chloride abstraction from [PtCl(trz)] () using AgOTf in the presence of the corresponding diimine. Complexes show long-lived phosphorescence from LC excited states involving the diimine ligand, with quantum yields that reach 0.18 in solution and 0.

Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes with Terdentate N∧C∧C Ligands.

The synthesis, structure, and luminescence of Pt(II) complexes of the type [Pt(N∧C∧C)(L)] are reported, where N∧C∧C is a terdentate ligand resulting from the cycloplatination of 2-(3,5-diphenoxyphenyl)pyridine or 2-(4,4″-dimethyl-[1,1':3',1″-terphenyl]-5'-yl)pyridine, and L represents a monodentate ancillary ligand, which can be γ-picoline, 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, PPh, butyl or 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide, CO, or the N-heterocyclic carbenes 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene or 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene. Derivatives bearing CO, isocyanides, or carbenes showed the highest stabilities in solution, whereas the pyridine and PPh derivatives establish ligand-exchange equilibria in acetonitrile. Different supramolecular structures are observed in the solid state, which largely depend on the nature of the ancillary ligand.

Photochemically Induced Cyclometalations at Simple Platinum(II) Precursors.

Photochemical cycloplatinations of 2-arylpyridines and related C∧N ligands, as well as terdentate heteroaromatic N∧N∧C, N∧C∧N, and N∧C∧C compounds, are demonstrated using (BuN)[PtCl] or [PtCl(NCPh)] as precursors at room temperature. Mono- or bis-cyclometalated Pt(II) complexes with C∧N ligands are obtained depending on excitation wavelength and precursor. Monitoring experiments show that photoexcitation enables both the N-coordination and the subsequent C-H metalation.

Phosphorescent Tris-cyclometalated Pt(IV) Complexes with Mesoionic -Heterocyclic Carbene and 2-Arylpyridine Ligands.

The synthesis, structure, photophysical properties, and electrochemistry of the first series of Pt(IV) tris-chelates bearing cyclometalated aryl-NHC ligands are reported. The complexes have the general formula [Pt(trz)(C∧N)], combining two units of the cyclometalated, mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (trz) with a cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine [C∧N = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy), 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 2-(-tolyl)pyridine (tpy), 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine (thpy), 2-(9,9-dimethylfluoren-2-yl)pyridine (flpy)], and presenting a arrangement or metalated aryls. They exhibit a significant photostability under UV irradiation and long-lived phosphorescence in the blue to yellow color range, arising from LC excited states involving the C∧N ligands, with quantum yields of up to 0.

Visible light driven generation and alkyne insertion reactions of stable bis-cyclometalated Pt(iv) hydrides.

Hydride complexes resulting from the oxidative addition of C-H bonds are intermediates in hydrocarbon activation and functionalization reactions. The discovery of metal systems that enable their direct formation through photoexcitation with visible light could lead to advantageous synthetic methodologies. In this study, easily accessible dimers [Pt(μ-Cl)(C^N)] (C^N = cyclometalated 2-arylpyridine) are demonstrated as a very convenient source of Pt(C^N) subunits, which promote photooxidative C-H addition reactions with different 2-arylpyridines (N'^C'H) upon irradiation with blue light.

Strongly Luminescent Pt(IV) Complexes with a Mesoionic -Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Tuning Their Photophysical Properties.

The synthesis, electrochemistry, and photophysical properties of a series of bis-cyclometalated Pt(IV) complexes that combine the mesoionic aryl-NHC ligand 4-butyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene (trz) with either 1-phenylpyrazole or 2-arylpyridine (CN) are reported. The complexes (-6-54)-[PtCl(CN)(trz)] bearing cyclometalating 2-arylpyridines present phosphorescent emissions in the blue to yellow color range, which essentially arise from LC(CN) states, and reach quantum yields of ca. 0.

Selective synthesis, reactivity and luminescence of unsymmetrical bis-cyclometalated Pt(iv) complexes.

Pt(ii) complexes cis-N,N-[PtCl(C^N)(N'^C'H)], where C^N represents a monocyclometalated 2,6-diaryl- or 2-arylpyridine ligand and N'^C'H is an N-coordinated 2-arylpyridine, are selectively obtained from bridge-cleavage reactions of dimers [Pt(μ-Cl)(C^N)] with excess N'^C'H at room temperature; isolation and characterization of derivatives of this kind is reported for the first time. Oxidation with PhICl affords Pt(iv) complexes [PtCl(C^N)(C'^N')], bearing two cyclometalated ligands in an unsymmetrical arrangement. The abstraction of the two chlorides using AgOTf at 120 °C in the presence of an additional 2-arylpyridine ligand leads to mer isomers of tris-cyclometalated Pt(iv) complexes if C^N derives from a 2-arylpyridine, whereas it results in a reductive C-C coupling if C^N is a monocyclometalated 2,6-diarylpyridine.

Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications.

Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization.

Unveiling the role of ancillary ligands in acceptorless benzyl alcohol dehydrogenation and etherification mediated by mesoionic carbene iridium complexes.

We synthesized a set of triazolylidene iridium(iii) complexes [IrCp*(C^N)L] (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, C^N = C,N-bidentate coordinating pyridyl-triazolylidene) containing different neutral or anionic ancillary ligands L and evaluated their impact on the catalytic activity in alcohol conversion. We demonstrate that these ancillary ligands have a strong influence on the catalytic selectivity and direct whether the iridium center preferentially catalyzes either the dehydrogenation or the dehydration of benzyl alcohol. Ligand exchange experiments provide a direct correlation of ligand lability with catalytic activity and selectivity.

A Diels-Alder reaction triggered by a [4 + 3] metallacycloaddition.

The Tp(Me2)Ir(III) complex 1-OH2 (Tp(Me2) = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate), which contains a labile molecule of water and an iridium-bonded alkenyl moiety (-C(R)═C(R)-(R=CO2Me)) as part of a benzo-annulated five-membered iridacycle, reacts readily with the conjugated dienes butadiene and 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to afford the corresponding Diels-Alder products. Experimental and DFT studies are in accordance with an initial [4 + 3] cyclometalation reaction between the diene and the five-coordinated 16-electron organometallic fragment 1 (generated from 1-OH2 by facile water dissociation). The reaction can be extended to a related TpIr(III) complex (Tp = hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) that also features a labile ligand (i.

Building a parent iridabenzene structure from acetylene and dichloromethane on an iridium center.

Parenthood: The reaction of [TpIr(C2H4)2] (1) (Tp=hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) with acetylene in CH2 Cl2 affords a 1:1 mixture of the "parent" metallabenzene 2 (that is, all the ring carbon centers are CH units) and the β-Cl substituted vinyl species 3. Generation of 2 is by the coupling of an iridacyclopentadiene (formed from two acetylene molecules at the Ir center) with the dichloromethane-derived chlorocarbene ":C(H)Cl" and a subsequent α-Cl elimination event.

Experimental evidences in favour of the hydroxylamine→nitrene-water tautomerization on the coordination sphere of Ir(III) centres.

And, to round off … A series of Ir(III) 5-membered metallacycles with an Ir-CH2 bond, react with aq. NH2OH with formation of hydride 6-membered iridacyclic complexes, which contain an Ir-NH=CH- imine functionality (see scheme).