Comparative Outcomes of Laparoscopic, Retroperitoneoscopic, and One-Trocar-Assisted-Pyeloplasty in Pediatric Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: A Scoping Review of Literature.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common condition in pediatric urology, with various surgical techniques employed for treatment, including laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP), retroperitoneoscopic pyeloplasty (RP), and One-Trocar-Assisted-Pyeloplasty (OTAP). This review compares intraoperative and postoperative complications, recurrence rates, and outcomes among these methods. A scoping review of the literature from 2000 to 2024 was conducted, analyzing studies on LP, RP, and OTAP in pediatric UPJO patients.

Immunohistological Analysis of Lichen Sclerosus of the Foreskin in Pediatric Age: Could It Be Considered a Premalignant Lesion?

Background: A major worry of juvenile penile LS is potential malignant degeneration to spinocellular carcinoma (SCC) in adulthood. LS is characterized by increased CD8+ and CD57+ cells, dermal sclerosis, epidermal atrophy, and hyperkeratosis. p53 and Ki67 are reliable premalignant markers.

Ozoile Reduces the LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in Colonic Epithelial Cells and THP-1 Monocytes.

Inappropriate activation of immune functions in intestinal epithelial cells can lead to inflammation that is characterized also by infiltration into intestinal tissue of monocytes/macrophages. Current therapies for intestinal inflammation include anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and biological drugs. Ozoile (stable ozonides) has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects.

CO pneumoperitoneum effects on proliferation and apoptosis in two different neuroblastoma cell lines.

Purpose: The proto-oncogene MYCN is considered a transcription factor involved in the regulation of neuroblastoma (NB) cell biology. Since minimally invasive-surgery represents a debated treatment of NB, we investigated CO effects on proliferative activity and apoptotic pathway in two NB cell lines, SH-SY5Y (MYCN-non-amplified) and IMR-32 (MYCN-amplified).

Methods: SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 were exposed to CO (100%) at a pressure of 15 mmHg for 4 h and then moved to normal condition for 24 h.

Hypoxia-Dependent Expression of TG2 Isoforms in Neuroblastoma Cells as Consequence of Different MYCN Amplification Status.

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme and two isoforms, TG2-L and TG2-S, exerting opposite effects in the regulation of cell death and survival, have been revealed in cancer tissues. Notably, in cancer cells a hypoxic environment may stimulate tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Here we aimed to characterize the role of TG2 isoforms in neuroblastoma cell fate under hypoxic conditions.

CO2 Pneumoperitoneum Effects on Molecular Markers of Tumor Invasiveness in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.

Introduction:  CO pneumoperitoneum can influence the biological behavior of neuroblastoma (NB). Angiogenesis and genetic features are responsible for malignant phenotype of this tumor. We examined the CO effects on N-Myc, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression as critical biomarkers of tumor invasiveness, in NB cells without N-Myc amplification.

Current status of laboratory and imaging diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis continues to be a devastating disease process for very low birth weight infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. The aetiology and pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis are not definitively understood. It is known that necrotizing enterocolitis is secondary to a complex interaction of multiple factors that results in mucosal damage, which leads to intestinal ischemia and necrosis.

Premedication with melatonin vs midazolam: efficacy on anxiety and compliance in paediatric surgical patients.

Unlabelled: Preoperative anxiety is a major problem in paediatric surgical patients. Melatonin has been used as a premedicant agent and data regarding effectiveness are controversial. The primary outcome of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of oral melatonin premedication, in comparison to midazolam, in reducing preoperative anxiety in children undergoing elective surgery.

Expression of Transglutaminase in Foreskin of Children with Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans.

Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder of unclear etiology. The etiology and the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the disease are still unknown. The human transglutaminase (TG) family consists of several proteins with catalytic activity essential for biological processes.

Melatonin versus midazolam premedication in children undergoing surgery: A pilot study.

Aim: Melatonin has been proposed as a premedication alternative to midazolam, preceding anaesthesia induction. However, to our knowledge, data concerning interaction between melatonin and intravenous anaesthetic drugs in children are not available. The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind pilot study was to investigate the possible effect of melatonin premedication, in comparison to midazolam, on the required infusion of propofol in children undergoing surgery.

CO2 pneumoperitoneum preserves β-arrestin 2 content and reduces high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) expression in an animal model of peritonitis.

Laparoscopy (LS) has been shown to decrease the inflammatory sequelae of endotoxemia. β-arrestin 2 plays an important function in signal transduction pathway of TLR4. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) is involved in the delayed systemic inflammatory response.

Surgical stress after open and transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy in children.

Introduction: The transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) effects on the surgical stress response in children have not been studied. Our aim is to investigate the stress response in TULAA.

Methods: A total of 35 children underwent the appendectomy by open approach (OA) or TULAA approach.

Thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula repair: review of the literature and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The thoracoscopic approach to esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) represents a challenging procedure whose real benefits remains unclear. Our purpose is to identify, through a meta-analysis, clinical evidence of the reliability of the thoracoscopic repair (TR) for EA/TOF compared with the open repair.

Materials And Methods: Defined PubMed search, with analysis of intraoperative and postoperative complications after open or thoracoscopic primary anastomosis for EA/TOF.

In vitro CO2-induced ROS production impairs cell cycle in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

Purpose: We evaluated in vitro the role of CO(2)-induced oxidative stress on the expression of proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation of neuroblastoma cells.

Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to CO(2) at 15 mmHg pressure (100 %) for 4 h and then moved to normal condition for 24 h. Control cells were maintained in 5 % CO(2) for the same time.

Long-term follow-up of neonatally diagnosed primary megaureter: rate and predictors of spontaneous resolution.

Objective: Primary megaureter (PM) represents 6-10% of all antenatal displaced urinary malformations. Spontaneous resolution of PM is a well-known event. This long-term follow-up study evaluated the incidence and rate of resolution of PM.

CO2 pneumoperitoneum impact on early liver and lung cytokine expression in a rat model of abdominal sepsis.

Background: Experimental evidence suggests that laparoscopy could have reduced inflammatory sequelae compared with laparotomy following abdominal surgery for peritonitis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible beneficial effects of CO(2) insufflation on liver and lung expression of proinflammatory cytokines during sepsis.

Methods: Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats, and 6 h later rats were randomly subjected to CO(2) pneumoperitoneum (5-7 mmHg) or to laparotomy for 1 h.

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor beta/delta activation prevents extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and protects the testis from ischemia and reperfusion injury.

Purpose: Testicular torsion is a medical emergency that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment to avoid subsequent testicular injury and infertility. PPARs are a family of nuclear hormone receptors belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. Three PPAR isotypes (alpha, beta/delta and gamma) encoded by separate genes and showing different tissue distribution patterns have been identified.

Scintigraphic evaluation of colonic motility in patients with anorectal malformations and constipation.

Background And Purpose: Constipation is one of the major sequelae in patients after correction of anorectal anomalies (ARAs). The aim of the present work has been to assess the colonic transit time, using radioisotope scintigraphy, in patients operated for ARA and experiencing constipation in the follow-up. The results were compared with transit time from children with true functional constipation.