Global genomics of unveils widespread and novel infectious viruses capable of triggering a small RNA response.

The mosquito is a prominent vector for arboviruses, but the breadth of mosquito viruses that infects this specie is not fully understood. In the broadest global survey to date of over 200 small RNA samples, we detected viral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and Piwi interacting RNAs (piRNAs) arising from mosquito viruses. We confirmed that most academic laboratory colonies of lack persisting viruses, yet two commercial strains were infected by a novel tombus-like virus.

Species in Cambodia, Ghana, Laos, and Peru: Results from Vector and Serosurveys.

species are fastidious gram-negative vector-borne bacteria with a wide range of mammalian reservoirs. While it is understood that some species of are human pathogens, the extent of human exposure to species (both pathogenic and nonpathogenic) is yet to be fully understood. To this end, residual sera from participants enrolled in undifferentiated fever studies in Cambodia, Ghana, Laos, and Peru were screened for the presence of IgG antibodies against and , using the FOCUS diagnostics Dual Spot- IgG Immunofluorescence assay.

Distribution of Triatoma dimidiata sensu lato (Reduviidae: Triatominae) and Risk Factors Associated with Household Invasion in Northern Belize, Central America.

To date, Triatoma dimidiata sensu lato [Reduviidae: Triatominae (Latreille 1811)] remains the sole vector species associated with Chagas disease transmission reported from Belize. Human infection data are limited for Belize and the disease transmission dynamics have not been thoroughly investigated, yet the likelihood of autochthonous transmission is supported by the widespread collection of infected vectors from within local households. Here, we report updated infection rates of the vector population and infestation rates for villages in north and central Belize.

Residual Activity of Pyriproxyfen Against Mosquitoes in Catch Basins in Northwestern Riverside County, Southern California.

A field study was carried out on the year-long residual activity of the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen (Nylar 0.5G) in comparison with methoprene (Altosid® XRP Pellets) against mosquito developmental stages in catch basins in northwestern Riverside County, southern California. Pyriproxyfen was applied at 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 g per catch basin and methoprene at 3.

Multi-country assessment of residual bio-efficacy of insecticides used for indoor residual spraying in malaria control on different surface types: results from program monitoring in 17 PMI/USAID-supported IRS countries.

Background: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is the application of insecticide to the interior walls of household structures that often serve as resting sites for mosquito vectors of malaria. Human exposure to malaria vectors is reduced when IRS involves proper application of pre-determined concentrations of the active ingredient specific to the insecticide formulation of choice. The impact of IRS can be affected by the dosage of insecticide, spray coverage, vector behavior, vector susceptibility to insecticides, and the residual efficacy of the insecticide applied.

Insecticide resistance status of three malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae (s.l.), An. funestus and An. mascarensis, from the south, central and east coasts of Madagascar.

Background: Insecticide-based vector control, which comprises use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), is the key method to malaria control in Madagascar. However, its effectiveness is threatened as vectors become resistant to insecticides. This study investigated the resistance status of malaria vectors in Madagascar to various insecticides recommended for use in ITNs and/or IRS.