High-speed, high-memory NMR spectrometer and hyperpolarizer.

We report on the development of a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, incorporating a high-speed, commercially available arbitrary waveform transceiver (AWT) - Tabor Proteus P9484M. The spectrometer is optimized for integrated electron-nuclear spin control and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and leverages the AWT's rapid sampling rate (9 Gs/s), significant memory capacity (16 GB), and efficient data transfer capabilities (6 Gs/s). These features enable effective NMR transmit-receive operations and electron control for DNP.

Undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in India: A rural-urban contrast from the National Family Health Survey (2019-21).

Undiagnosed hypertension extracts significant social cost, with money spent on complications already accounting for one-fifths of total health expenditure. Widespread socioeconomic disparities and inequity in health care access between rural and urban areas is expected. It is important to identify the different factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension in the working age population (15-49-years) residing in urban and rural areas, both of whom are vital to the economic development of our country.

Influence of Social Circumstances and Health-care Support on Intention-to-quit Tobacco among Population Aged 15-49 Years in India: An Analysis of National Family Health Survey-5 Data.

Background: Several national programs targeting a reduction in tobacco use are operational in India, but still the burden is huge. Understanding the influence of social factors and the health-care system on the intention-to-quit (ITQ) tobacco is of immense importance for efforts toward tobacco control and cessation in India.

Objectives: To estimate the proportion of the adult population with ITQ tobacco; and to find out if the social circumstances of the study population and the availability of health care support has an influence on their ITQ tobacco.

Prevalence of HTN and its risk factors among tribal population in Chhattisgarh (India) as per the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey.

Background: The so-called protected tribal population also faces the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The high-altitude tribes are thought to be genetically and environmentally protected from hypertension-like diseases.

Methods: Survey of the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2022) employs a two-stage sampling method (PSU).

Patient and clinician acceptability of automated extraction of social drivers of health from clinical notes in primary care.

Objective: Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based approaches for extracting Social Drivers of Health (SDoH) from clinical notes offer healthcare systems an efficient way to identify patients' social needs, yet we know little about the acceptability of this approach to patients and clinicians. We investigated patient and clinician acceptability through interviews.

Materials And Methods: We interviewed primary care patients experiencing social needs (n = 19) and clinicians (n = 14) about their acceptability of "SDoH autosuggest," an AI-based approach for extracting SDoH from clinical notes.

Characterizing the relationship between psychosis and violence in the forensic psychiatric population: a systematic review.

Objective: The relationship between psychosis and violence is often construed focusing on a narrow panel of factors; however, recent evidence suggests violence might be linked to a complex interplay of biopsychosocial factors among forensic psychiatric patients with psychosis (FPPP). This review describes violence incidents in FPPP, the factors associated with violence, and relevant implications.

Methods: This review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guideline.

Prevalence and associated factors of impaired kidney functions among children and adolescents in India: insights from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) 2016-18.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant public health problem. The burden of CKD in children and adolescents in India is not well described. We used data from the recent Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) to estimate the prevalence of impaired kidney function (IKF) and its determinants in children and adolescents between the ages of 5 and 19.

Multistable Protocells Can Aid the Evolution of Prebiotic Autocatalytic Sets.

We present a simple mathematical model that captures the evolutionary capabilities of a prebiotic compartment or protocell. In the model, the protocell contains an autocatalytic set whose chemical dynamics is coupled to the growth-division dynamics of the compartment. Bistability in the dynamics of the autocatalytic set results in a protocell that can exist with two distinct growth rates.

Cannabis Use: An Uncommon Cause of Hypokalemia-Induced Acute Paralysis.

Severe hypokalemia can have life-threatening complications such as significant muscle weakness, ileus, rhabdomyolysis, and respiratory failure. Here, we report a case of a 33-year-old male who presented with worsening lower extremity weakness and falls after smoking marijuana for six months. Initial labs showed severe hypokalemia.

Pulmonary haemorrhage and extensive arterial thrombosis with anabolic steroid abuse.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are commonly implicated in thromboembolic events but rarely cause diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. We report the case of a Caucasian man in his late 40s who was consuming supratherapeutic doses of AAS and presented with shortness of breath and haemoptysis. Chest imaging showed bilateral patchy infiltrates in the lungs with diffuse blood throughout the airways on bronchoscopy.

To evaluate serum cortisol levels in patients with alcohol withdrawal delirium v/s patients with delirium due to any other disorder.

Background: Delirium is an acute confusional state characterized by changes in the mental status, level of consciousness, impaired cognition, and inattention. It can develop within hours or days. Cortisol release from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is vital for the host survival in stress.

SAEM GRACE: Dopamine antagonists and topical capsaicin for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome in the emergency department: A systematic review of direct evidence.

Background: Adults with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) are increasingly presenting to the emergency department (ED), and this systematic review will evaluate the direct evidence on the effectiveness of capsaicin and dopamine antagonists in its clinical management.

Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted to address the following population-intervention-control-outcome (PICO) question: (P) adults >18 years old with a diagnosis of acute CHS presenting to the ED; (I) dopamine antagonists (e.g.

Long-Term Imaging and Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion With AtriClip.

Surgical left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion with an AtriClip (AtriCure, West Chester, Ohio) is frequently performed for stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with long-standing persistent AF who underwent hybrid convergent ablation and LAA clipping. Contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography was performed at 3 to 6 months after LAA clipping to assess the degree of complete closure and the residual LAA stump.

Leveraging natural language processing to augment structured social determinants of health data in the electronic health record.

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDOH) impact health outcomes and are documented in the electronic health record (EHR) through structured data and unstructured clinical notes. However, clinical notes often contain more comprehensive SDOH information, detailing aspects such as status, severity, and temporality. This work has two primary objectives: (1) develop a natural language processing information extraction model to capture detailed SDOH information and (2) evaluate the information gain achieved by applying the SDOH extractor to clinical narratives and combining the extracted representations with existing structured data.

Hypertension Control Cascade and Regional Performance in India: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Analysis (2015-2021).

Background The weak control cascade of hypertension from the time of screening till the attainment of optimal blood pressure (BP) control is a public health challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings. The study objectives were to (1) estimate the change in the rate of prevalence of hypertension, the yield of newly diagnosed cases, initiation of treatment, and attainment of BP control in the age group 15 to 49 years; (2) ascertain the magnitude and predictors of undiagnosed hypertension, lack of initiation of treatment, and poor control of those on antihypertensive therapy; and (3) estimate the regional variation and state-level performance of the hypertension control cascade in India. Methodology We analyzed demographic and health surveillance (DHS) data from India's National Family Health Survey Fifth Series (NFHS-5), 2019-2021, and NFHS-4 (2015-2016).

Integrating patient voices into the extraction of social determinants of health from clinical notes: ethical considerations and recommendations.

Identifying patients' social needs is a first critical step to address social determinants of health (SDoH)-the conditions in which people live, learn, work, and play that affect health. Addressing SDoH can improve health outcomes, population health, and health equity. Emerging SDoH reporting requirements call for health systems to implement efficient ways to identify and act on patients' social needs.

Quality of sleep and disability associated with headache: migraine versus tension-type headache: A comparative study.

Background: One of the commonest and most frequently said, quoted and understood by even the least educated elements of our society is the neurological symptom of headache. The commonly diagnosed and studied headaches are Migraine and Tension type headache [TTH]. Headache has the power to reduce the very essence of a peaceful life and produce a disability in a person.

A cross-sectional study to assess the caregiver burden and the quality of life of caregivers of the patients suffering with psychiatric illness.

Background: The impairment due to the psychiatric disorders makes the sufferer unable to become independent, therefore require long term support and care by their relatives. About 32% of years lived with disability (YLD) and about 13% of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) is found in mental illness.

Aims And Objectives: The aims were to study the socio-demographic profile, the caregiver burden and quality of life of the caregivers of the patients with different psychiatric illness.

Characterizing problematic internet use in a sample of heavy drinking emerging adults.

Objective: Problematic internet use (PIU) is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled internet use resulting in impairment or distress. PIU is most prevalent during emerging adulthood, a period marked by an increase in psychiatric disorders, including substance use disorders (SUDs). In a sample of high-risk emerging adults, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between PIU and quality of life (QoL), psychiatric disorders, and impulsivity.

Phenotypic similarities within the morphologic spectrum of DICER1-associated sarcomas and pleuropulmonary blastoma: Histopathologic features guide diagnosis in the LMIC setting.

Extrapulmonary DICER1-associated sarcomas (DS) can harbor morphological features overlapping with pleuropulmonary blastoma. We report three children with intracranial and genital tract sarcomas, suspected to have DS based on a heterogeneous yet defining combination of spindle-cell sarcomatous and blastemal morphology, with rhabdomyomatous differentiation. Foci of immature cartilage at diagnosis (n = 2/3) and increased neuroepithelial differentiation at recurrence (n = 1) were noted.

Rapid spatial learning in cooperative and non-cooperative cichlids.

The number, duration and depth of social relationships that an individual maintains can impact social cognition, but the connection between sociality and other aspects of cognition has hardly been explored. To date, the link between social living and intelligence has been mainly supported by studies on primates, and far fewer tests connecting sociality to cognitive abilities have used other taxa. Here, we present the first comparative study in fishes that examines whether complex social living is associated with better performance on a cognitively demanding spatial task.

First-in-human phase I/Ib open-label dose-escalation study of GWN323 (anti-GITR) as a single agent and in combination with spartalizumab (anti-PD-1) in patients with advanced solid tumors and lymphomas.

Background: GWN323 is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein. This first-in-human, open-label phase I/Ib study aimed to investigate the safety and tolerability and to identify the recommended doses of GWN323 with/without spartalizumab, an anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 agent, for future studies. Pharmacokinetics, preliminary efficacy and efficacy biomarkers were also assessed.