Antispasmodic activity of a series of cyclic imides (phthalimides) derivatives.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential antispasmodic activity of 15 cyclic imides, focusing on their effects on muscarinic receptor-mediated contractions and smooth muscle relaxation in isolated rat jejunum. The compounds were tested in vitro, with rats jejunal segments pre-contracted using acetylcholine to assess relaxant activity, and during acetylcholine-induced contractions to evaluate their inhibitory effects. Structural variations among the compounds included modifications in aromatic substituents, electronegativity, and steric hindrance, which were analyzed for their impact on biological activity.

Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes Following Repeated Naringenin Exposure in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats.

: Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the leading global health concerns, significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases, including nephrolithiasis. The treatment, still far from ideal, is constantly undergoing new alternatives. In this context, medicinal plants rich in flavonoids, such as naringenin-a compound found in citrus fruits-have gained attention for their potential diuretic, nephroprotective, and blood pressure-lowering effects.

Comparative Analysis of the Protective Effect of Naringenin on Cardiovascular Parameters of Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats Subjected to the Myocardial Infarction Model.

Cardiovascular diseases rank as the top global cause of mortality, particularly acute myocardial infarction (MI). MI arises from the blockage of a coronary artery, which disrupts blood flow and results in tissue death. Among therapeutic approaches, bioactives from medicinal plants emerge as promising for the development of new medicines.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Effect of Betulinic Acid Obtained from .

The study aimed to investigate the potential antiurolithic effects of extracts, fractions, and betulinic acid (BA) from . In vitro analysis involved precipitating calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in urine. For in vivo studies, rats were divided into four groups: naive; vehicle; potassium citrate (KC); and BA.

Naringen's Effects on Diuresis and Prevention of Urolithiasis in Hypertensive Rats.

This research demonstrates the diuretic effect of naringenin, a flavanone aglycone found in citrus, on spontaneously hypertensive female and male rats (SHR). The data reinforces existing literature findings that male SHR exhibits higher systolic blood pressure than age-matched females. Urine volume assessed over 8 hours was lower when obtained from SHR males than females.