Glucose metabolism in anterior pituitary adenomas.

Glucose metabolism alterations are frequently observed in patients with secretory pituitary adenomas. The most commonly secreted hormones in these tumors include prolactin, growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), all of which can disrupt glucose homeostasis through distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Prolactin stimulates pancreatic β-cell proliferation, enhances insulin gene transcription, increases intracellular insulin content, and augments glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Cyst With Malignant Transformation Into Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Unusual Complication of a Benign Intracranial Tumor.

Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are typically located in the posterior cranial fossa, most commonly at the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). Although generally benign, the cyst's epithelial lining can undergo malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a rare occurrence associated with poor prognosis. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a history of migraines who was incidentally diagnosed with a right CPA lesion consistent with an EC at the age of 30.

Central neurological symptoms as the first manifestation in Sjögren's disease.

Sjögren's disease it's a heterogeneous and complex rheumatological disease, can present central neurological manifestations, with a prevalence that varies between 1-5% according to the international literature. We report a series of three cases; we present a patient who debuted with epileptic seizures, one with catatonic syndrome and a last one with optic neuritis. Knowing the various presentations of the central neurological manifestations allows us to broaden the diagnostic suspicion from the beginning, providing timely treatment.

Association Between the Enriched Environment Level and Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

Unlabelled: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a neuropsychiatric condition whose neurobiological characteristics include alterations in brain plasticity, modulated by Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). In animal models, environmental enrichment promotes neuroplasticity and reduces depressive-like behaviors. In humans, we proposed to assess the level of Enriched Environment (EE) using a questionnaire that includes different domains of the EE (cognitive, social, and physical), which we named the EE Indicator (EEI).

Are BDNF and Stress Levels Related to Antidepressant Response?

Unlabelled: Antidepressant response is a multifactorial process related to biological and environmental factors, where brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play an important role in modulating depressive and anxious symptoms. We aimed to analyze how BDNF impacts antidepressant response, considering the levels of anxiety.

Methods: A total of 40 depressed adults were included.

Cooled Radiofrequency Treatment for Radicular Pain Related to Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Background: Lower back and radicular pain are leading causes of disability and loss of quality of life, especially due to its high prevalence in the general population. Cooled radiofrequency treatment (CRT) has emerged as a novel non-invasive technique for the management of discogenic pain with safe and effective results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CRT in the treatment of radicular pain secondary to a lumbar hernia in patients with chronic neuropathic pain after receiving conservative treatment that did not achieve adequate pain management.

Intrathecal Baclofen Infusion Pump for the Treatment of Painful Spastic Hemiplegia: A Case Report.

Painful spastic hemiplegia is a common sequel to a stroke in which patients rarely achieve optimal levels of pain control. Herein, we report the case of a 62-year-old woman with painful spasticity secondary to an ischemic stroke of 15 years' evolution who received multiple pharmacological treatments without reaching motor or pain management goals. After an adequate analgesic response to the intrathecal baclofen test, the placement of an electromechanical pump was decided, reaching an effective maintenance dose of 150 μg per day.

A Case Report on Spinal Neurostimulator Treatment for Painful Postsurgical Neuropathy of the Genitofemoral Nerve.

Painful postsurgical neuropathy is an adverse event inherent to a wide variety of surgical treatments, so its diagnosis and specialized treatment are essential to maintaining the quality of life of the people who suffer from it. We present the case of a 31-year-old male with neuropathy of the genitofemoral nerve diagnosed by electromyography, resulting in intractable left testicular and thigh pain associated with a recent history of ipsilateral inguinal hernioplasty. After assessment by pain medicine and motor and sensory tests, a neurostimulator was placed in T8-T9 with action at the L1-L2 level, as well as a simultaneous electrode in S3, generating optimal pain relief and recovery of functionality.

Acute Phrenic Neuropathy and Diaphragmatic Dysfunction as a Complication of COVID-19: A Report of Four Cases.

Among the neurological manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), neuropathies are rare. They have been associated with prolonged prostration and metabolic failure in a seriously ill patient. We present a case series of four Mexican patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic dysfunction due to phrenic neuropathy during acute COVID-19, documented by conduction velocities of the phrenic nerves.