Rupture risk assessment for AComA aneurysms with morphological, hemodynamic and structural mechanical analysis.

Introduction: The Anterior Communicating Artery complex (AComA) is one of the most common intracranial aneurysms locations. Accurate rupture risk assessment in patients with cerebral aneurysms is essential for optimizing treatment decisions. Computational fluid dynamics has significantly advanced insight into aneurysmal hemodynamics.

Replication-associated mechanisms contribute to an increased CpG > TpG mutation burden in mismatch repair-deficient cancers.

Background: Single base substitution (SBS) mutations, particularly C > T and T > C, are increased owing to unrepaired DNA replication errors in mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) cancers. Excess CpG > TpG mutations have been reported in MMRd cancers defective in mismatch detection (dMutSα), but not in mismatch correction (dMutLα). Somatic CpG > TpG mutations conventionally result from unrepaired spontaneous deamination of 5'-methylcytosine throughout the cell cycle, causing T:G mismatches and signature SBS1.

Soil nitrogen drives inverse acclimation of xylem growth cessation to rising temperature in Northern Hemisphere conifers.

Controlled experiments suggest that the seasonal build-up of nitrogen (N) limitation constrains the responses of forest autumn phenology to elevated temperatures. Therefore, rising soil N is expected to increase the delaying effects of elevated temperature on the end of the season, i.e.

Experiences with and Practical Implications of Using a Hybrid Operating Room.

PurposeThe purpose of this chapter is to present our initial results of the use of a hybrid operating room (OR) in cerebrovascular procedures.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 152 patients who suffered from cerebrovascular pathology and were treated at the hybrid OR at the Department of Neurosurgery at Kepler University Hospital from April 2020 to October 2022 were included. Vascular pathologies and hybrid interventions were analyzed.

Conservative management of 661 patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms: an observational study over 4 decades.

Objective: The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) remains controversial, with a scarcity of long-term natural history data on conservative management. Therefore, the authors attempted to identify risk factors for aneurysm rupture in a cohort of consecutive patients with UIAs.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, the authors analyzed 661 patients with 767 exclusively UIAs who were conservatively managed at their tertiary referral center between 1984 and 2020.

Genomic landscape of diffuse glioma revealed by whole genome sequencing.

Diffuse gliomas are the commonest malignant primary brain tumour in adults. Herein, we present analysis of the genomic landscape of adult glioma, by whole genome sequencing of 403 tumours (256 glioblastoma, 89 astrocytoma, 58 oligodendroglioma; 338 primary, 65 recurrence). We identify an extended catalogue of recurrent coding and non-coding genetic mutations that represents a source for future studies and provides a high-resolution map of structural variants, copy number changes and global genome features including telomere length, mutational signatures and extrachromosomal DNA.

Comparative analysis of morphological and hemodynamic parameters in stable anterior communicating and middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

Objective: This study investigates morphological, hemodynamic and structural mechanical factors influencing aneurysm rupture behavior, specifically focusing on Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and Anterior Communicating Artery (ACOMM) aneurysms, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analyses.

Methods: Data from 116 patients with aneurysms located in the MCA and ACOMM, including 81 ruptured and 35 stable aneurysms. Aneurysms were modeled with FSI methods to examine key parameters: aneurysm angle, wall shear stress, and equivalent Mises stress as well as additional parameters.

Low-grade gliomas do not grow along white matter tracts: evidence from quantitative imaging.

Low-grade gliomas are infiltrative brain tumors that can lead to significant neurological deficits due to their invasive nature. The prevailing belief is that low-grade gliomas primarily disseminate along white matter tracts, but quantitative evidence supporting this concept is lacking. Clarifying their true growth patterns is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Causes of evolutionary divergence in prostate cancer.

Cancer progression involves the sequential accumulation of genetic alterations that cumulatively shape the tumour phenotype. In prostate cancer, tumours can follow divergent evolutionary trajectories that lead to distinct subtypes, but the causes of this divergence remain unclear. While causal inference could elucidate the factors involved, conventional methods are unsuitable due to the possibility of unobserved confounders and ambiguity in the direction of causality.

Structural Mechanic Characteristics of Stable Cerebral Aneurysms.

Stable cerebral aneurysms were analyzed with Fluid-Structure Interaction simulations identifying scenarios in the structural mechanic behavior. Data of nineteen patients were obtained from one hospital. Medical imaging data were provided as digital subtraction angiography, which was transferred into geometric format for the simulations including fluid mechanics of the blood flow and structural mechanics of the wall.

Iron metabolism in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most prevalent type of primary liver cancer worldwide. p53 is one of the most frequently mutated tumor-suppressor genes in HCC and its deficiency in hepatocytes triggers tumor formation in mice. To investigate iron metabolism during liver carcinogenesis, we employed a model of chronic carbon tetrachloride injections in liver-specific p53-deficient mice to induce liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and subsequent carcinogenesis.

The long way from raw data to NAM-based information: Overview on data layers and processing steps.

Toxicological test methods generate raw data and provide instructions on how to use these to determine a final outcome such as a classification of test compounds as hits or non-hits. The data processing pipeline provided in the test method description is often highly complex. Usually, multiple layers of data, ranging from a machine-generated output to the final hit definition, are considered.

Fluid structure Interaction analysis for rupture risk assessment in patients with middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

Accurate rupture risk assessment is essential for optimizing treatment decisions in patients with cerebral aneurysms. While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has provided critical insights into aneurysmal hemodynamics, most analyses focus on blood flow patterns, neglecting the biomechanical properties of the aneurysm wall. To address this limitation, we applied Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis, an integrative approach that simulates the dynamic interplay between hemodynamics and wall mechanics, offering a more comprehensive risk assessment.

Microsurgical Clipping of Unruptured Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience.

Background/objectives: Microsurgical clipping has traditionally been considered a standard treatment for middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Recently, a caseload reduction related to improved endovascular treatment options has occurred in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. Therefore, studies that report the clinical and radiological outcomes after clipping are highly warranted.

Selective metabolic regulations by p53 mutant variants in pancreatic cancer.

Background: Approximately half of all human cancers harbour mutations in the p53 gene, leading to the generation of neomorphic p53 mutant proteins. These mutants can exert gain-of-function (GOF) effects, potentially promoting tumour progression. However, the clinical significance of p53 GOF mutations, as well as the selectivity of individual variants, remains controversial and unclear.

Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of the Initiation Process of Cerebral Aneurysms.

Hemodynamics during the growth process of cerebral aneurysms are incompletely understood. We developed a novel fluid-structure interaction analysis method for the identification of relevant scenarios of aneurysm onset. This method integrates both fluid dynamics and structural mechanics, as well as their mutual interaction, for a comprehensive analysis.

Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Chronic Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus After Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Chronic posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus often arises following spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Timely identification of patients predisposed to develop chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus may significantly enhance clinical outcomes.

Methods: We performed an analysis of 510 SAH patients treated at our institution between 2013 and 2018.

Specific Reversal Agents for Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Acute Stroke.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) changed stroke prevention and decreased the risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications in patients on oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy. The numbers of patients prescribed DOACs has increased rapidly. Availability of specific reversal agents opened new avenues in the prevention and management of DOAC complications.

Localized Nicardipine Release Implants for Prevention of Vasospasm After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Cerebral vasospasm largely contributes to a devastating outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), with limited therapeutic options.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of localized nicardipine release implants positioned around the basal cerebral vasculature at risk for developing proximal vasospasm after aSAH.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This single-masked randomized clinical trial with a 52-week follow-up was performed between April 5, 2020, and January 23, 2023, at 6 academic neurovascular centers in Germany and Austria.

The genomic landscape of 2,023 colorectal cancers.

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a common cause of mortality, but a comprehensive description of its genomic landscape is lacking. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of 2,023 CRC samples from participants in the UK 100,000 Genomes Project, thereby providing a highly detailed somatic mutational landscape of this cancer. Integrated analyses identify more than 250 putative CRC driver genes, many not previously implicated in CRC or other cancers, including several recurrent changes outside the coding genome.

Partial asynchrony of coniferous forest carbon sources and sinks at the intra-annual time scale.

As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues.