Diagnostic Odyssey: Primary CNS Lymphoma (Lymphoma Cerebri) Presenting as Rapidly Progressive Dementia.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare brain cancer that sometimes presented as rapidly progressive dementia. Diagnosing PCNSL presenting with rapidly progressive neurocognitive symptoms can be challenging, especially when the patient was previously treated with immunosuppressants for suspected autoimmune processes. We present a case where PCNLS was eventually and successfully treated 18 months after neurological symptoms started.

Spontaneous regression of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A report of a rare case and a review of the literature.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the seventh most common cancer in the United States; clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most common subtype. We report a case of spontaneous regression of metastatic ccRCC and discuss possible underlying mechanisms informed by a literature review. While regression of metastatic RCC has been described following nephrectomy or treatment of the primary tumor, spontaneous regression is rare.

Sustained delivery of celecoxib from nanoparticles embedded in hydrogel injected into the biopsy cavity to prevent biopsy-induced breast cancer metastasis.

Purpose: We have previously reported that protracted Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity in bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) infiltrating into biopsy wounds adjacent to the biopsy cavity of breast tumors in mice promotes M2-shift of macrophages and pro-metastatic changes in cancer cells, effects which were suppressed by oral administration of COX-2 inhibitors. Thus, local control of COX-2 activity in the biopsy wound may mitigate biopsy-induced pro-metastatic changes.

Methods: A combinatorial delivery system-thermosensitive biodegradable poly(lactic acid) hydrogel (PLA-gel) incorporating celecoxib-encapsulated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (Cx-NP/PLA-gel)-was injected into the biopsy cavity of Py230 murine breast tumors to achieve local control of COX-2 activity in the wound stroma.

Urothelial carcinoma involving the ureteral orifice: a clinicopathologic analysis of 93 cases.

Although tumors involving the bladder and ureter have been well described, there are only few studies in the pathology literature specifically analyzing tumors involving the ureteral orifice (UO). A search was performed for biopsy and resection specimens (transurethral resection, radical cystectomy/cystoprostatectomy, nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff resection) of urothelial carcinoma (UCa) involving the UO. Ninety-three cases were identified.

Pulmonary vasculature directed adenovirus increases epithelial lining fluid alpha-1 antitrypsin levels.

Background: Gene therapy for inherited serum deficiency disorders has previously been limited by the balance between obtaining adequate expression and causing hepatic toxicity. Our group has previously described modifications of a replication deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 that increase pulmonary vasculature transgene expression.

Methods: In the present study, we use a modified pulmonary targeted adenovirus to express human alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) in C57BL/6 J mice.

Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Study Identifies Significant Epigenomic Changes in Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone and Similarity to Overlying Cartilage.

Objective: To perform a genome-wide DNA methylation study to identify differential DNA methylation patterns in subchondral bone underlying eroded and intact cartilage from patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and to compare these with DNA methylation patterns in overlying cartilage.

Methods: Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using Illumina HumanMethylation 450 arrays was performed on eroded and intact cartilage and subchondral bone from within the same joint of 12 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. Genes with differentially methylated CpG sites were analyzed to identify shared pathways, upstream regulators, and overrepresented gene ontologies, and these patterns were compared with those of the overlying cartilage.

Genome-wide DNA methylation study identifies significant epigenomic changes in osteoarthritic cartilage.

Objective: To perform a genome-wide DNA methylation study to identify DNA methylation changes in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage tissue.

Methods: The contribution of differentially methylated genes to OA pathogenesis was assessed by bioinformatic analysis, gene expression analysis, and histopathologic severity correlation. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of >485,000 methylation sites was performed on eroded and intact cartilage from within the same joint of 24 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for OA.