Expert evaluation of large language models for clinical dialogue summarization.

We assessed the performance of large language models' summarizing clinical dialogues using computational metrics and human evaluations. The comparison was done between automatically generated and human-produced summaries. We conducted an exploratory evaluation of five language models: one general summarisation model, one fine-tuned for general dialogues, two fine-tuned with anonymized clinical dialogues, and one Large Language Model (ChatGPT).

Four-petal aqueous imbibition into woven cloth.

Hypothesis: Improving the processing efficiency of aerosol-coating technologies during mass production requires optimal nozzle spacing to allow complete surface coverage while at the same time not over-using the coating fluid. The difficult challenge is to estimate quantitatively the substrate coverage of fine droplets. Bouncing, splashing, and imbibition of droplets on solid surfaces have been widely explored, but little attention has been paid to liquid imbibition into woven textiles.

Impact of Platinum Primary Particle Loading on Fuel Cell Performance: Insights from Catalyst/Ionomer Ink Interactions.

A variety of electrochemical energy conversion technologies, including fuel cells, rely on solution-processing techniques (via inks) to form their catalyst layers (CLs). The CLs are heterogeneous structures, often with uneven ion-conducting polymer (ionomer) coverage and underutilized catalysts. Various platinum-supported-on-carbon colloidal catalyst particles are used, but little is known about how or why changing the primary particle loading (PPL, or the weight fraction of platinum of the carbon-platinum catalyst particles) impacts performance.

Linking Perfluorosulfonic Acid Ionomer Chemistry and High-Current Density Performance in Fuel-Cell Electrodes.

Transport phenomena are key in controlling the performance of electrochemical energy-conversion technologies and can be highly complex, involving multiple length scales and materials/phases. Material designs optimized for one reactant species transport however may inhibit other transport processes. We explore such trade-offs in the context of polymer-electrolyte fuel-cell electrodes, where ionomer thin films provide the necessary proton conductivity but retard oxygen transport to the Pt reaction site and cause interfacial resistance due to sulfonate/Pt interactions.

Highly Permeable Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomers for Improved Electrochemical Devices: Insights into Structure-Property Relationships.

Rapid improvements in polymer-electrolyte fuel-cell (PEFC) performance have been driven by the development of commercially available ion-conducting polymers (ionomers) that are employed as membranes and catalyst binders in membrane-electrode assemblies. Commercially available ionomers are based on a perfluorinated chemistry comprised of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix that imparts low gas permeability and high mechanical strength but introduces significant mass-transport losses in the electrodes. These transport losses currently limit PEFC performance, especially for low Pt loadings.

Dictating Pt-Based Electrocatalyst Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, from Formulation to Application.

In situ electrochemical diagnostics designed to probe ionomer interactions with platinum and carbon were applied to relate ionomer coverage and conformation, gleaned from anion adsorption data, with O transport resistance for low-loaded (0.05 mg cm) platinum-supported Vulcan carbon (Pt/Vu)-based electrodes in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Coupling the in situ diagnostic data with ex situ characterization of catalyst inks and electrode structures, the effect of ink composition is explained by both ink-level interactions that dictate the electrode microstructure during fabrication and the resulting local ionomer distribution near catalyst sites.

Molecular Dynamics Study of Thermally Augmented Nanodroplet Motion on Chemical Energy Induced Wettability Gradient Surfaces.

Droplet motion on a surface with chemical energy induced wettability gradient has been simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to highlight the underlying physics of molecular movement near the solid-liquid interface including the contact line friction. The simulations mimic experiments in a comprehensive manner wherein microsized droplets are propelled by the surface wettability gradient against forces opposed to motion. The liquid-wall Lennard-Jones interaction parameter and the substrate temperature are varied to explore their effects on the three-phase contact line friction coefficient.