Concentration-dependent biphasic toxicity and steroidogenic stimulation by aminocarb in murine Leydig cells.

Exposure to environmental chemicals, like pesticides, can impair male reproductive health by affecting Leydig cell (LC) function. This study investigated aminocarb, a widely used carbamate pesticide, and its impact on murine LCs (BLTK1 cell line). We observed a concentration-dependent biphasic toxicity, where higher aminocarb concentrations (500 μM) reduced LC viability, while lower doses (5 and 50 μM) unexpectedly increased it.

Caloric Restriction and Sirtuins as New Players to Reshape Male Fertility.

Over the years, caloric intake has remained a subject of profound scrutiny. Within the scientific community, there has been rigorous debate to ascertain which path is most ideal for enhancing quality of life and extending the human lifespan. Caloric restriction has been shown to be a promising contributor towards longevity and delaying the onset of age-related diseases.

Unmasking the lipid landscape: carbamazepine induces alterations in Leydig cell lipidome.

Leydig cells rely on lipids and fatty acids (FA) for essential functions like maintaining structural integrity, energy metabolism, and steroid hormone synthesis, including testosterone production. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a common anticonvulsant medication, can influence lipid metabolism and profiles, potentially impacting Leydig cell function and testosterone levels. Understanding this interplay is crucial to optimize treatment strategies for individuals requiring CBZ therapy while mitigating any adverse effects on male reproductive health.

Aminocarb Exposure Induces Cytotoxicity and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Mouse Sustentacular Sertoli Cells: Implications for Male Infertility and Environmental Health.

Exposure to pesticides, poses a significant threat to male fertility by compromising crucial cells involved in spermatogenesis. Aminocarb, is a widely used carbamate insecticide, although its detrimental effects on the male reproductive system, especially on sustentacular Sertoli cells, pivotal for spermatogenesis, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of escalating concentrations of aminocarb on a mouse Sertoli cell line, TM4.

Impact of Chromium Picolinate on Leydig Cell Steroidogenesis and Antioxidant Balance Using an In Vitro Insulin Resistance Model.

Leydig cells (LCs) play a pivotal role in male fertility, producing testosterone. Chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic), a contentious supplement with antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, raises concerns regarding male fertility. Using a rodent LC line, we investigated the cytotoxicity of increasing CrPic doses.

Understanding the age-related alterations in the testis-specific proteome.

Introduction: Fertility rates in developing countries have declined over the past decades, and the trend of delayed fatherhood is rising as societies develop. The reasons behind the decline in male fertility with advancing age remain mysterious, making it a compelling and crucial area for further research. However, the limited number of studies dedicated to unraveling this enigma poses a challenge.

L-Carnitine and Male Fertility: Is Supplementation Beneficial?

L-Carnitine, a natural antioxidant found in mammals, plays a crucial role in the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is used as a nutritional supplement by professional athletes, improving performance and post-exercise recovery. Additionally, its therapeutic applications, including those in male infertility, have been investigated, as it may act as a defense mechanism against the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the testis, a process that can lead to sperm damage.

A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Chromium Picolinate on Testicular Steroidogenesis and Antioxidant Balance.

Low testosterone (T) levels are a major cause of male infertility, as this hormone is crucial for several processes throughout the entire male reproductive tract. Leydig cells (LC) produce T through testicular steroidogenesis. Disrupted LC function can hinder steroid production and fertility.

Obesity-Related Genes Expression in Testes and Sperm Parameters Respond to GLP-1 and Caloric Restriction.

: Calorie restriction (CR) diets and glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs are known to alter energy homeostasis with the potential to affect the expression of obesity-related genes (ORGs). We hypothesized that CR and GLP-1 administration can alter ORGs expression in spermatozoa and testes, as well as the sperm parameters implicated in male fertility. Six-week-old adult male Wistar rats (n = 16) were divided into three groups, submitted either to CR (n = 6, fed with 30% less chow diet than the control rats), GLP-1 administration (n = 5, 3.

Effects of Age and Lifelong Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training on Rats' Testicular Function.

Aging is associated with testicular morphological and functional alterations, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the impact of physical exercise are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of age and lifelong moderate-intensity exercise on rat testis. Mature adults (35 weeks) and middle-aged (61 weeks) Wistar Unilever male rats were maintained as sedentary or subjected to a lifelong moderate-intensity treadmill training protocol.

Exenatide and Dapagliflozin Combination Enhances Sertoli Cell Secretion of Key Metabolites for Spermatogenesis.

The incidence of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity has been increasing dramatically. Both diseases are closely linked and new approaches for type 2 DM treatment aim to enable weight loss. A combined therapy of dapagliflozin and exenatide has been used against type 2 DM, influencing allbody glucose dynamics.

Expression of obesity-related genes in human spermatozoa affects the outcomes of reproductive treatments.

Objective: To study the abundance of obesity-related gene (ORG) mRNA in human spermatozoa and its association with sperm quality parameters, embryonic development, and pregnancy rates after assisted reproduction treatment (ART).

Design: Cross-sectional study of spermatozoa ORG mRNA expression, and sperm and embryonic development parameters of infertile couples attending a single ART center.

Setting: University, in collaboration with a medically assisted reproduction center.

Antioxidants Present in Reproductive Tract Fluids and Their Relevance for Fertility.

Nowadays, infertility is classified as a disease of the reproductive system. Although it does not compromise the life of the individual, it can have detrimental effects on the physiological and psychological health of the couple. Male fertility evaluation is mainly focused on the analysis of sperm parameters.

Effect of Leptin in Human Sertoli Cells Mitochondrial Physiology.

Leptin is an adipose tissue hormone that acts as energy sensor and reproductive function regulator. Recent reports suggest that leptin is involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in different tissue cells. Herein, we hypothesized that leptin could also affect Sertoli cells mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis.

Author Correction: Alterations in seminal plasma proteomic profile in men with primary and secondary infertility.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Alterations in seminal plasma proteomic profile in men with primary and secondary infertility.

Proteome of seminal plasma provides profound information related to the male reproductive health. This pilot study was conducted to characterize proteomic profile of seminal plasma from men with primary, or secondary infertility and compare it with proven fertile men. Study participants (n = 59) were recruited at the Cleveland Clinic and divided according to their fertility status: proven fertile (n = 39); primary infertility (n = 11) and secondary infertility (n = 9).

Caloric restriction alters the hormonal profile and testicular metabolome, resulting in alterations of sperm head morphology.

Energy homeostasis is crucial for all physiological processes. Thus, when there is low energy intake, negative health effects may arise, including in reproductive function. We propose to study whether caloric restriction (CR) changes testicular metabolic profile and ultimately sperm quality.

Assessment of Sertoli Cell Proliferation by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide and Sulforhodamine B Assays.

The correct functioning of Sertoli cells (SCs) is pivotal for successful spermatogenesis. They are major targets for hormones, endocrine disruptors, and other substances that men are subjected to every day. One of the main SC functions that quickly responds to a deleterious stimulus is proliferation.

Alterations of Spermatozoa Proteomic Profile in Men with Hodgkin's Disease Prior to Cancer Therapy.

Purpose: Hodgkin's disease (HD) is a type of cancer affecting men in the reproductive age with potential consequences on their fertility status. This study aims to analyze sperm parameters, alterations in proteomic profiles and validate selected protein biomarkers of spermatozoa in men with HD undergoing sperm banking before cancer therapy.

Materials And Methods: Semen analysis was carried out in healthy fertile donors (control, n=42), and patients diagnosed with HD (patients, n=38) before cancer therapy.

Round cells do not contaminate or mask human sperm proteome in proteomic studies using cryopreserved samples.

Semen contains leucocytes and round cells, besides spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to identify whether the proteins from round cells and leucocytes affect the proteomic analysis of spermatozoa. Cryopreserved human sperm samples were divided into four groups: (1) samples with ≥1 × 10 /ml leucocytes unprocessed; (2) samples with ≥1 × 10 /ml leucocytes processed by 65% density centrifugation; (3) samples with round cells <1 × 10 /ml unprocessed; and (4) samples with round cells <1 × 10 /ml processed by 65% density centrifugation.

Protein Fingerprinting of Seminal Plasma Reveals Dysregulation of Exosome-Associated Proteins in Infertile Men with Unilateral Varicocele.

Purpose: Aberrant expression of seminal plasma proteins are associated with altered homeostasis that may affect the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa. However, the precise roles of seminal exosomes on sperm function remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) associated with varicocele-mediated infertility by comparing seminal plasma protein profile of unilateral varicocele patients with proven fertile donors.

Oxidation reduction potential: a new biomarker of male infertility.

Oxidative stress is considered a major etiology for male infertility, more specifically idiopathic infertility. The causes of seminal oxidative stress can be intrinsic, such as varicocele or due to the presence of active leukocytes and immature germ cells. Reported external causes are smoking, alcohol or exposure to environmental toxins.

Presence of Round Cells Proteins do not Interfere with Identification of Human Sperm Proteins from Frozen Semen Samples by LC-MS/MS.

In sperm proteomic experiments round cells and leukocyte proteins are profiled along with sperm proteome. The influence of round cell and leukocyte proteins on the sperm proteome has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to identify if the proteins from round cells, including leukocytes, interfere with the proteomic analysis of spermatozoa in frozen semen samples.

Molecular Pathways Associated with Sperm Biofunction Are Not Affected by the Presence of Round Cell and Leukocyte Proteins in Human Sperm Proteome.

In human sperm proteomic experiments, leukocyte and round cell proteins may contaminate the sperm proteome and affect the bioinformatic results. The main objective of this study was to identify the possible interference of these proteins, especially from leukocytes, in identification of sperm functional pathways through proteomic and bioinformatic tools. We have evaluated the sperm proteome by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in four groups: (1) neat semen with round cells and leukocytes ≥1 × 10/mL; (2) samples with round cells and leukocytes ≥1 × 10/mL processed by 65% density gradient centrifugation; (3) neat semen with round cells <1 × 10/mL; and (4) samples with round cells <1 × 10/mL processed by 65% density gradient centrifugation.

Metabolic Syndrome and Male Fertility.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of conditions that have a negative impact on human health overall. Its prevalence has been rapidly increasing worldwide and has coincided with a global decrease in birth rates and fertility potential. This review aims to address this observation through studying the relationship between MetS and male reproductive health.