Potential Allergens in Medical Adhesives in Tapes, Wound Dressings, and Ostomy Care: A Scoping Review.

Background: Medical adhesives are increasingly reported, although still underestimated as causes of allergic contact dermatitis, for which identification of the sensitising culprits is often impossible, mainly because of non-declaration of components on medical device packaging and lack of cooperation from manufacturers.

Objectives: To report on the allergens identified in medical adhesives in tapes, wound dressings, and ostomy care.

Methods: The relevant literature (1980-2024) on sensitization sources and allergens was analysed and the results reported.

Are We Reading Patch Test Reactions in a Uniform Way? An International Contact Dermatitis Research Group Study.

Concern was raised within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG) regarding the scoring of weak allergic versus doubtful patch test reactions. To investigate the degree of uniformity in patch test reading. Five series of fictive contact dermatitis cases were written up by the study organizer and presented to expert participants.

Sensitization Patterns to Cyanoacrylate-Based Surgical Glues.

Background: Surgical glues are increasingly used, offering advantages like reduced scarring and faster wound closure. However, they pose risks of localised and disseminated allergic contact dermatitis caused by cyanoacrylate monomers.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate sensitisation patterns to cyanoacrylate-based surgical glues, the usefulness of testing with the commercially available ethyl cyanoacrylate, and cross-reactions between cyanoacrylates and (meth)acrylates.

Contact Urticaria and Related Conditions: Clinical Review.

Contact urticaria (CoU) is an immediate contact reaction occurring within minutes to an hour after exposure to specific proteins or chemicals. CoU is categorised into non-immunologic (NI-CoU) and immunologic (I-CoU) types, with I-CoU potentially leading to anaphylaxis. Both forms of CoU can be associated with protein contact dermatitis and the CoU syndrome.

[Allergic contact dermatitis to commonly used antiseptics in clinical settings].

Antiseptics are widely used in medical and daily settings. They are essential for preventing infections and ensuring safety during surgical procedures, wound care, and even hand hygiene. However, their repeated or prolonged use can cause allergic reactions, including irritant and allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).

It is not always chlorhexidine: Identification of benzoxonium chloride and lauramine oxide as culprit allergens in a popular antiseptic in Switzerland.

Background: A popular antiseptic spray in Switzerland (Merfen spray), containing chlorhexidine digluconate, benzoxonium chloride and lauramine oxide, is frequently used to treat skin wounds. However, it is also increasingly reported as a major cause of adverse skin reactions, including allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).

Objectives: To investigate the contact allergens responsible for ACD from this antiseptic.

Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Samples From Countries Within and Outside the EU: A Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often severe and difficult to treat. The content of Cr(VI) in cement can be reduced by, for example, addition of iron(II) sulfate. Since 2005 the content of Cr(VI) in cement is regulated in the EU Directive 2003/53/EC and must not exceed 2 ppm.

Allergic contact dermatitis from ("hypoallergenic") adhesives containing D-limonene.

Background: Besides being a potential component of (some species of) colophonium, D-limonene is also used as a tackifier in the production of adhesives. Hydroperoxides of limonene are well-known skin sensitizers.

Objectives: To show that D-limonene may be present in colophonium-containing but also colophonium-free ("hypoallergenic") adhesives, and that patients suffering from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from both types of adhesives might display positive patch test reactions to limonene hydroperoxides in this regard.

Contact allergy in a paediatric population observed in a tertiary referral centre in Belgium.

Background: Contact allergy is increasingly recognized as being important in children with eczema.

Objectives: To retrospectively analyse the patch test results in children over the past 10 years, aiming to (1) evaluate demographic characteristics and lesion locations, (2) describe frequencies of positive patch test reactions, and (3) investigate the relationship with atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: A total of 329 children were patch tested between January 2010 and December 2019 with the European (children) baseline series and/or other series, and the personal product(s) used.

Evolution of methylisothiazolinone sensitization: A Belgian multicentric study from 2014 to 2019.

Background: In the 2010s an epidemic of allergic contact dermatitis to methylisothiazolinone (MI) occurred in Europe. European authorities banned the use of methylisothiazolinone in leave-on cosmetics in 2017 and limited its use in rinse-off products in 2018.

Objectives: To investigate the sensitization rate to MI in Belgium between January 2014 and December 2019, and to assess cosensitizations to octylisothiazolinone (OIT) and benzisothiazolinone (BIT) in MI-sensitized patients.

The presence of benzophenone in sunscreens and cosmetics containing the organic UV filter octocrylene: A laboratory study.

Background: The reason why patients photosensitized to the drug ketoprofen (KP) may develop severe photoallergic skin reactions to octocrylene (OCT), an organic ultraviolet filter in sunscreens and cosmetics, remains largely unknown. OCT can be synthesized by using unsubstituted benzophenone (BP), a possible human carcinogen.

Objectives: To verify if, and to what extent, BP residues are present in OCT-containing consumer products.

Allergic contact dermatitis from potassium sorbate and sorbic acid in topical pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

Background: The preservatives sorbic acid (SA) and potassium sorbate (PS) are considered rare skin sensitizers. PS-containing products always contain SA to a certain extent, and positivity to PS may reflect sensitization to SA. Their optimal patch-test conditions are unknown.

Patch Testing With a New Composition of the Mercapto Mix-A Multicenter Study from the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Background: Mercaptobenzothiazole compounds are associated with allergic contact dermatitis caused by rubber products. Several screening substances have been used for patch testing.

Objective: To compare the frequency of positive test reactions to a mercapto mix containing a higher concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with reactions to the combination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole 2.

Patch Testing With Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone Using a New Diagnostic Mix-A Multicenter Study From the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group.

Background: In the early 1980s, a preservative containing a mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) in a ratio of 3:1 was introduced. This mixture (mix) has been patch tested at 100 ppm (0.01%) worldwide and at 200 ppm (0.

Iatrogenic allergic contact dermatitis in the (peri)anal and genital area.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from topical medication often occurs in occluded areas, for example, with wound treatment, but also in certain body locations, such as the anogenital area.

Objectives: To investigate the demographics and specific lesion location of patients with ACD from topical drugs applied onto the (peri)anal/genital area, and to identify the respective causal topical pharmaceutical products and ingredients involved.

Methods: From January 2000 to December 10, 2018, 532 patients were tested with the baseline series, sometimes with additional series, and the topical medication used along with the ingredients.

Concomitant positive patch test reactions in FreeStyle-allergic patients sensitized to isobornyl acrylate.

Background: Concomitant positive patch test reactions in patients sensitized to isobornyl acrylate (IBOA) have rarely been documented.

Objectives: To report concomitant sensitizations in patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from the glucose sensor FreeStyle Libre and sensitized to IBOA.

Methods: In 2019, 26 patients with suspected ACD from FreeStyle Libre were patch tested to a baseline series and to a (meth) acrylate series containing IBOA and 2-phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA) 0.