First report of Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype associated with disease in cattle, Georgia, USA.

Theileria orientalis genotype Ikeda is a tickborne parasite that infects red and white blood cells and causes bovine infectious anemia. The primary tick vector for T. orientalis Ikeda is the longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis).

Delirium screening and alerting systems for older hospital inpatients.

Background: Delirium often goes unrecognized in the hospital, leading to missed opportunities for management. The objective of this study was to test a multicomponent program for delirium screening and reporting for older, hospitalized adults.

Methods: We implemented a multicomponent delirium screening and alerting program within two university hospital units for all patients ≥ 70 years of age.

Aspergillosis in 41 wild bird species in the eastern United States: a 22-year retrospective review.

Aspergillosis is the most commonly and widely reported fungal infection in birds. Disease development is often secondary to stressors that cause immunocompromise, and it is typically regarded as a disease of captivity. We retrospectively evaluated data from 133 birds diagnosed with aspergillosis at the Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study from 2001-2023 to assess diversity and relative frequency across avian taxa, gross and histologic lesion patterns, and comorbidities.

Feasibility of Alerting Systems and Family Care Partner Support for Postoperative Delirium Prevention.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether postoperative pager alerts to the Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP), a delirium prevention service, would accelerate program enrollment for older surgical patients. This study also tested feasibility of family care partner interventions for delirium prevention.

Methods: This single-center, pilot clinical trial factorially randomized 57 non-cardiac surgical patients ≥70 years of age to 4 arms: (1) standard care, (2) pager alerts to accelerate HELP enrollment, (3) family care partner-based delirium prevention interventions, or (4) a combined arm with both HELP and family interventions.

Comparison of fluorescent antibody test, immunohistochemistry, and PCR testing for diagnostic confirmation of neurolisteriosis in 25 goats.

Neurolisteriosis, a common disease of small ruminants, is most often caused by . Here we describe 25 cases of caprine neurolisteriosis diagnosed in our laboratory over a 5-y period and compare our fluorescent antibody test (FAT) results with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for diagnostic confirmation. Neurohistologic changes consistent with neurolisteriosis affected the pons in all cases, extending rostrally to the mesencephalon in 6 cases, caudally to the medulla oblongata in 6 cases, and/or dorsally to the cerebellum in 4 cases.

Psychedelic concentrations of nitrous oxide reduce functional differentiation in frontoparietal and somatomotor cortical networks.

Despite the longstanding use of nitrous oxide and descriptions of its psychological effects more than a century ago, there is a paucity of neurobiological investigation of associated psychedelic experiences. We measure the brain's functional geometry (through analysis of cortical gradients) and temporal dynamics (through analysis of co-activation patterns) using human resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired before and during administration of 35% nitrous oxide. Both analyses demonstrate that nitrous oxide reduces functional differentiation in frontoparietal and somatomotor networks.

Predominance of Canine Parainfluenza Virus and in Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex in Dogs.

Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is caused by different viruses and bacteria. Viruses associated with CIRDC include canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine herpesvirus type 1 (CHV-1), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), and canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV). Bacteria associated with CIRDC include , subspecies (), and spp.

Barriers to delirium screening and management during hospital admission: a qualitative analysis of inpatient nursing perspectives.

Background: Delirium in hospitalized patients is a major public health issue, yet delirium is often unrecognized and missed during inpatient admission. The objective of this study was to identify barriers to delirium screening, identification, and management from a nursing perspective on inpatient, acute care units.

Methods: This was a pre-implementation, diagnostic evaluation study to determine current practice patterns and potential barriers to optimizing delirium care at a major university hospital.

Electroencephalographic Biomarkers, Cerebral Oximetry, and Postoperative Cognitive Function in Adult Noncardiac Surgical Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are a major public health issue, although there are no validated neurophysiologic biomarkers that predict cognitive function after surgery. This study tested the hypothesis that preoperative posterior electroencephalographic alpha power, alpha frontal-parietal connectivity, and cerebral oximetry would each correlate with postoperative neurocognitive function.

Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, observational study of adult (older than 18 yr) male and female noncardiac surgery patients.

Caffeine, Postoperative Delirium And Change In Outcomes after Surgery (CAPACHINOS)-2: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Delirium is a major public health issue for surgical patients and their families because it is associated with increased mortality, cognitive and functional decline, prolonged hospital admission and increased healthcare expenditures. Based on preliminary data, this trial tests the hypothesis that intravenous caffeine, given postoperatively, will reduce the incidence of delirium in older adults after major non-cardiac surgery.

Methods And Analysis: The CAffeine, Postoperative Delirium And CHange In Outcomes after Surgery-2 (CAPACHINOS-2) Trial is a single-centre, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial that will be conducted at Michigan Medicine.

Classical and non-classical psychedelic drugs induce common network changes in human cortex.

The neurobiology of the psychedelic experience is not fully understood. Identifying common brain network changes induced by both classical (i.e.

Anesthetic Practice Trends and Perceptions Toward Postoperative Delirium: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.

Background: Delirium is the most common postoperative complication in older adults, though anesthesiologist awareness of delirium prevention guidelines-and associated practice trends-remains unknown.

Methods: This was a convergent mixed-methods study, which simultaneously analyzed quantitative and qualitative data to determine delirium guideline awareness among anesthesiologists and practice patterns based on guideline recommendations. Quantitative data were abstracted from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group database for noncardiac surgery patients (2009-2020) aged 65 years and older.

Correlation between brain tissue oxygen tension and regional cerebral oximetry in uninjured human brain under conditions of changing ventilation strategy.

Controversy surrounds regional cerebral oximetry (rSO) because extracranial contamination and unmeasured changes in cerebral arterial:venous ratio confound readings. Correlation of rSO with brain tissue oxygen (PbrO), a "gold standard" for cerebral oxygenation, could help resolve this controversy but PbrO measurement is highly invasive. This was a prospective cohort study.

Delirium, Caffeine, and Perioperative Cortical Dynamics.

Delirium is a major public health issue associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly after surgery. While the neurobiology of delirium remains incompletely understood, emerging evidence suggests that cognition requires close proximity to a system state called , which reflects a point of dynamic instability that allows for flexible access to a wide range of brain states. Deviations from criticality are associated with neurocognitive disorders, though the relationship between criticality and delirium has not been formally tested.

Retrospective study evaluating telehealth antenatal anesthesia consults for high-risk obstetric patients.

Background: Telehealth has gained popularity, particularly in the COVID-19 era. The use of telehealth is now being applied to preoperative evaluation clinics in an effort to overcome barriers to antenatal anesthesia assessment of high-risk obstetrical patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine if the quality of antenatal anesthesia telehealth consults of high-risk obstetric patients is comparable to in-person encounters.

Delirium and neuropsychological outcomes in critically Ill patients with COVID-19: a cohort study.

Objective: To characterise the clinical course of delirium for patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, including postdischarge neuropsychological outcomes.

Design: Retrospective chart review and prospective survey study.

Setting: Intensive care units, large academic tertiary-care centre (USA).

Anterior insula regulates brain network transitions that gate conscious access.

Conscious access to sensory information is likely gated at an intermediate site between primary sensory and transmodal association cortices, but the structure responsible remains unknown. We perform functional neuroimaging to determine the neural correlates of conscious access using a volitional mental imagery task, a report paradigm not confounded by motor behavior. Titrating propofol to loss of behavioral responsiveness in healthy volunteers creates dysfunction of the anterior insular cortex (AIC) in association with an impairment of dynamic transitions of default-mode and dorsal attention networks.

The Effects of Intraoperative Caffeine on Postoperative Opioid Consumption and Related Outcomes After Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Surgical patients are vulnerable to opioid dependency and related risks. Clinical-translational data suggest that caffeine may enhance postoperative analgesia. This trial tested the hypothesis that intraoperative caffeine would reduce postoperative opioid consumption.

Asymmetric neural dynamics characterize loss and recovery of consciousness.

Anesthetics are known to disrupt neural interactions in cortical and subcortical brain circuits. While the effect of anesthetic drugs on consciousness is reversible, the neural mechanism mediating induction and recovery may be different. Insight into these distinct mechanisms can be gained from a systematic comparison of neural dynamics during slow induction of and emergence from anesthesia.

Recommendations and Alerting for Delirium Alleviation in Real-Time (RADAR): Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Delirium is a common and serious complication of major surgery for older adults. Postoperative social and behavioral support (e.g.

Age-Related Changes in Cortical Connectivity During Surgical Anesthesia.

An advanced understanding of the neurophysiologic changes that occur with aging may help improve care for older, vulnerable surgical patients. The objective of this study was to determine age-related changes in cortical connectivity patterns during surgical anesthesia. This was a substudy analysis of a prospective, observational study characterizing cortical connectivity during surgical anesthesia in adult patients ( = 45) whole-scalp (16-channel) electroencephalography.

Cortical Oscillations and Connectivity During Postoperative Recovery.

Background: The objective of this study was to test whether postoperative electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarkers, parietal alpha power and frontal-parietal connectivity, were associated with measures of clinical recovery in adult surgical patients.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that analyzed intraoperative connectivity patterns in adult surgical patients (N=53). Wireless, whole-scalp EEG data were collected in the postanesthesia care unit and assessed for relevance to clinical and neurocognitive recovery.

Cerebrovascular Disease and Perioperative Neurologic Vulnerability: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Stroke is a devastating perioperative complication without effective methods for prevention or diagnosis. The objective of this study was to analyze evidence-based strategies for detecting cerebrovascular vulnerability and injury in a high-risk cohort of non-cardiac surgery patients. This was a single-center, prospective cohort study.