CRC management: Emerging trends in early detection, diagnosis, biomarkers, treatment, and prevention.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern, including in Saudi Arabia, where its incidence has increased in recent years. It contributes substantially to cancer-related morbidity and mortality, both regionally and worldwide. Recent advancements in genetic and epigenomic data, along with the use of biomarkers, have enhanced the potential for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and monitoring of CRC.

Distinct Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of CD34 and CD34 Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Subsets in Cord Blood and Bone Marrow Samples: Implications for Clinical Applications.

We aimed to identify the molecular signatures of primitive CD34 and CD34 hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSC/HPC) subsets in cord blood and bone marrow samples. CD34 and CD34 HSC/HPC subsets from cord blood and bone marrow were characterized using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, and proteomic analysis to evaluate their phenotypic and molecular profiles. Our findings revealed a significantly higher percentage of LinCD34CD38 (-/-) cells than of LinCD34CD38 (+/-) cells in cord blood.

Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α)-Induced Metastatic Phenotype in Colorectal Cancer Epithelial Cells: Mechanistic Support for the Role of MicroRNA-21.

Colorectal cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic changes in cells to confer phenotypes that promote metastatic transformation and development. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory mediator, regulates cellular communication within the tumour microenvironment and is associated with the progression of the metastatic phenotype. Oncogenic miR-21 has been shown to be overexpressed in most solid tumours, including colorectal cancer, and is known to target proteins involved in metastatic transformation.

Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) enhances dietary carcinogen-induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer epithelial cells through activation of JNK signaling pathway.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer death. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazol [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) present in cooked meat are pro-carcinogens and considered to be potential risk factors for CRC. Their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects require metabolic activation primarily by cytochrome P450 1 family enzymes (CYPs); the expression of these enzymes can be modulated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and the tumour microenvironment, involving mediators of inflammation.