Use of saline-soaked bacterial culture swabs increases bacterial recovery in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis.

Background: Canine superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) is a common recurrent condition with a growing requirement for culture and susceptibility as a consequence of increased antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship. Different opinions persist about the ideal technique for culture sample acquisition, which varies with lesion characteristics.

Objective: To determine if a difference exists in the recovered quantity of bacteria acquired when sampling nonexudative clinical lesions of SBF (crusts and epidermal collarettes) between a dry culture swab and a saline-moistened culture swab.

Small RNA CjNC110 regulates the activated methyl cycle to enable optimal chicken colonization by .

Post-transcriptional gene regulation by non-coding small RNAs (sRNAs) is critical for colonization and survival of enteric pathogens, including the zoonotic pathogen . In this study, we utilized IA3902 (a representative isolate of the sheep abortion clone) and W7 (a highly motile variant of NCTC 11168, a human gastroenteritis strain) to further investigate regulation by sRNA CjNC110. Both motility and autoagglutination ability were confirmed to be phenotypes of conserved regulation by CjNC110.

Using Zoom Annotate to Facilitate Online Focus Groups in Veterinary Medicine Education Research.

Focus groups allow researchers to collect data from multiple participants on a set of questions while simultaneously observing participant interactions during sessions. Traditionally, researchers conduct focus groups in person, though online focus groups have been increasingly used as technologies have improved. The pandemic increased the need for researchers to innovate online focus group practices.

Randomized comparison between a forced air system and warm water bath for resuscitation of neonatal hypothermic calves with or without oral administration of caffeine.

Background: Hypothermia is a cause of neonatal calf death in cold climates. Practical and effective rewarming methods are important for bovine health within affected regions.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare the rewarming rate and blood analytes (glucose, lactate, and cortisol) of calves resuscitated with forced air with warm water bath, with or without oral administration of caffeine.

induces biogeography-specific changes in the gut microbiome of pigs.

Swine are a major reservoir of an array of zoonotic subsp. lineage I serovars including Derby, Typhimurium, and 4,[5],12:i:- (a.k.

Comparison of turbidometric immunoassay and brix refractometry to radial immunodiffusion for assessment of colostral immunoglobulin concentration in beef cattle.

Background: Colostral immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration is critical to the attainment of adequate transfer of passive immunity in cattle, however, studies comparing available tools for measurement of colostral IgG concentration in beef cattle are limited.

Objectives: To report the agreement between 3 commercially available tests for evaluating IgG concentration in beef colostrum.

Animals: Two hundred six beef-breed cows hospitalized for calving management or dystocia.

Comparison of turbidometric immunoassay, refractometry, and gamma-glutamyl transferase to radial immunodiffusion for assessment of transfer of passive immunity in high-risk beef calves.

Background: Attainment of adequate transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is critical to health of calves; however, studies comparing available tools for measurement of TPI in individual beef animals are limited.

Objectives: To report agreement between 4 tests evaluating individual TPI status in beef calves.

Animals: One hundred ninety-six beef calves born to cows and heifers presenting for calving management or dystocia.

Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020.

Background: Awareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).

Objectives: To estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S.

Direct interaction of small non-coding RNAs CjNC140 and CjNC110 optimizes expression of key pathogenic phenotypes of .

Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are important players in modulating gene expression in bacterial pathogens, but their functions are largely undetermined in , an important cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, we elucidated the functions of sRNA CjNC140 and its interaction with CjNC110, a previously characterized sRNA involved in the regulation of several virulence phenotypes of . Inactivation of CjNC140 increased motility, autoagglutination, L-methionine concentration, autoinducer-2 production, hydrogen peroxide resistance, and early chicken colonization, indicating a primarily inhibitory role of CjNC140 for these phenotypes.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of esomeprazole in sheep after intravenous dosing.

Abomasal (gastric) ulceration is a morbidity in sheep, and currently, there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data for gastroprotectant drugs reported for this species. The proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole has been used in small animal and human patients for gastroprotection via increasing the gastric pH. The objective of this study was to report the pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic effect of esomeprazole in sheep after single intravenous dosing.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pantoprazole in calves.

Introduction: Development of abomasal ulceration is a large concern, especially within calves; however, there is a paucity of research into the use of gastro protectants in ruminant species. Proton pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole, are widely used in humans and companion animals. Their efficacy in ruminant species is undetermined.

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine in the United States: Current efforts, challenges, and opportunities.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem facing human, animal, plant, and environmental health by threatening our ability to effectively treat bacterial infections with antimicrobials. In the United States, robust surveillance efforts exist to collect, analyze, and disseminate AMR data in human health care settings. These tools enable the development of effective infection control methods, the detection of trends, and provide the evidence needed to guide stewardship efforts to reduce the potential for emergence and further spread of AMR.

Pharmacokinetics of esomeprazole in goats () after intravenous and subcutaneous administration.

Background: Stressed and hospitalized goats are at risk of developing abomasal (gastric) ulceration, but there is a paucity of pharmacokinetic studies for proton pump inhibiting drugs, such as, esomeprazole in goats.

Objectives: The objectives for this study were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for esomeprazole in adult goats after intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SQ) administration. A secondary objective was to describe the plasma kinetics of the metabolite esomeprazole sulfone after IV and SC administration in goats.

Impact of multi-drug resistance on clinical outcomes of dogs with corneal ulcers infected with .

Objective: Compare characteristics and clinical outcomes of dogs with infectious keratitis from considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) or not.

Procedures: isolated as the primary pathogen from canine patients with ulcerative keratitis were considered MDR if resistant to at least one agent in three or more classes of antibiotics. Medical records were reviewed for history, patients' characteristics, clinical appearance, therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes.

Ultrasonography and digital radiography findings in sheep with clinical disease associated with small ruminant lentivirus infection.

Digital radiography and ultrasonographic images were used in this case series to evaluate 4 ewes from a single flock for chronic weight loss and ill-thrift. On examination, all displayed tachypnea, dyspnea, coughing, and normothermia with abnormal thoracic auscultations. Three of the 4 animals were diagnosed with chronic respiratory disease associated with Maedi-visna (MV) infection confirmed serologic testing.

Use of Thoracic Ultrasonography to Improve Disease Detection in Experimental BRD Infection.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is caused by complex interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens, host immune status, and environmental stressors. In both clinical and research settings, current methods for detecting BRD in calves commonly focus on visual indicators such as attitude, nasal discharge, and cough, in addition to vital signs such as rectal temperature and respiration rate. Recently, thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) has become more commonly used in clinical settings, in addition to physical examination to diagnose BRD.

Meropenem Administered via Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion for Orthopedic Sepsis in Horses: A Clinical Retrospective Study.

Septic synovitis is a critical orthopedic condition in horses. Early intervention is key, with antibiotic therapy typically initiated prior to culture and susceptibility reports becoming available. The pharmacokinetics of several antibiotics have been studied in horses for use in intravenous regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) for septic synovitis, including the carbapenem antibiotic, meropenem.

Preliminary Investigation of Bovine Whole Blood Xenotransfusion as a Therapeutic Modality for the Treatment of Anemia in Goats.

Anemia requiring whole blood transfusion for appropriate treatment is a common clinical presentation of caprine patients to veterinary practitioners; however, identifying suitable blood donors in goat herds can be challenging. In other veterinary species, the practice of xenotransfusion, where blood from 1 species is transfused to another, is used in emergency settings. Due to their ability to donate large volumes of whole blood, cattle could be an ideal source for xenotransfusion of goats.

Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration.

Neonatal calves are at risk of developing abomasal ulceration, but there is a lack of pharmacokinetic data for potential anti-ulcerative therapies, such as pantoprazole, in ruminant species. The study objectives were to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic parameters for pantoprazole in neonatal dairy calves after intravenous (IV) administration. A secondary objective was to quantify the concentrations of pantoprazole in edible tissues after IV dosing.

Role of in Methionine Metabolism and Optimal Chicken Colonization in Campylobacter jejuni.

is a zoonotic pathogen and is one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis worldwide. IA3902 (representative of the sheep abortion clone) is genetically similar to W7 (representative of strain type NCTC 11168); however, there are significant differences in the ability of mutants of these strains to colonize chickens. LuxS is essential for the activated methyl cycle and generates homocysteine for conversion to l-methionine.

Clinical presentations and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium cystitidis associated with renal disease in four beef cattle.

Background: Renal disease caused by Corynebacterium cystitidis in beef cattle may be misclassified as Corynebacterium renale, and limited information about C. cystitidis infections in beef cattle currently is available.

Objective: To describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and outcome of renal disease caused by C.

Small Noncoding RNA CjNC110 Influences Motility, Autoagglutination, AI-2 Localization, Hydrogen Peroxide Sensitivity, and Chicken Colonization in Campylobacter jejuni.

Small noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in many important physiological functions in pathogenic microorganisms. Previous studies have identified the presence of noncoding RNAs in the major zoonotic pathogen ; however, few have been functionally characterized to date. CjNC110 is a conserved ncRNA in , located downstream of the gene, which is responsible for the production of the quorum sensing molecule autoinducer-2 (AI-2).