The relationship between performance validity Test failure, fatigue, and psychological functioning in Long COVID.

At times, patients with Long COVID fail performance validity tests (PVTs) for cognitive measures and symptom validity tests (SVTs) embedded in formal personality measures. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine whether self-reported symptoms on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were related to performance validity in Long COVID patients. Participants were 175 individuals diagnosed with Long COVID who completed four PVTs, the MFIS, and the PAI.

The relationship between performance validity testing, external incentives, and cognitive functioning in long COVID.

Introduction: Performance validity test (PVT) failures occur in clinical practice and at higher rates with external incentives. However, little PVT research has been applied to the Long COVID population. This study aims to address this gap.

Emotional functioning in long COVID: Comparison to post-concussion syndrome using the Personality Assessment Inventory.

Recent studies on Long COVID found that patients report prominent emotional distress and significant correlations between distress and cognitive performance have been identified, raising the question of how to manage or treat these issues. To understand psychological functioning in Long COVID further, this study examined personality responses on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) to compare psychological functioning in a Long COVID group with a post-concussion syndrome (PCS) group, a syndrome with a significant psychological component. Participants included 201 consecutive Long COVID outpatients (Mean age = 48.