Relationships between social determinants of health and healthy body composition among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth in the Next Generation: Youth Well-being study.

Issue Addressed: Little is currently known about the relationships between body composition and the social determinants of health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth in Australia, which could help inform policy responses to address health inequities.

Methods: This study aimed to explore the relationship between various social factors and healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth aged 16-24 years. Baseline survey data from 531 participants of the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' were used.

Cardiometabolic health markers among Aboriginal adolescents from the Next Generation Youth Wellbeing Cohort Study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate cardiometabolic health markers among Aboriginal adolescents aged 10-24 years and relationships with age, gender, and body composition.

Methods: Baseline data (2018-2020) from the Next Generation Youth Wellbeing Cohort Study (Western Australia, New South Wales, and Central Australia) on clinically assessed body mass index, waist/height ratio, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides were analysed.

Results: Among 1100 participants, the proportion with individual health markers within the ideal range ranged from 59% for total cholesterol to 91% for HbA1c.

Health behaviours associated with healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia in the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study'.

This study described the distribution of healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia aged 10-24 years and examined associations with health behaviours and self-rated health. Data were cross-sectional from the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' baseline (N = 1294). We used robust Poisson regression to quantify associations of self-reported health behaviours (physical activity, screen time, sleep, consumption of vegetables, fruit, soft drinks and fast food, and tobacco smoking and alcohol) and self-rated health to healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR).

Potential Determinants of Cardio-Metabolic Risk among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Prevention initiatives during childhood and adolescence have great potential to address the health inequities experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) populations in Australia by targeting modifiable risk factors for cardio-metabolic diseases. We aimed to synthesize existing evidence about potential determinants of cardio-metabolic risk markers-obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, abnormal lipids, or a clustering of these factors known as the metabolic syndrome (MetS)-for Indigenous children and adolescents. We systematically searched six databases for journal articles and three websites for relevant grey literature.

Pregnancy and birth characteristics of Aboriginal twins in two Australian states: a data linkage study.

Introduction: Perinatal outcomes for singleton pregnancies are poorer, on average, for Aboriginal people than non-Aboriginal people, but little is known about Aboriginal multifetal pregnancies. Yet multifetal pregnancies and births are often more complicated and have poorer outcomes than singleton pregnancies. We describe the pregnancies, births and perinatal outcomes for Aboriginal twins born in Western Australia (WA) and New South Wales (NSW) with comparisons to Aboriginal singletons in both states and to non-Aboriginal births in NSW.

A large proportion of poor birth outcomes among Aboriginal Western Australians are attributable to smoking, alcohol and substance misuse, and assault.

Background: Aboriginal infants have poorer birth outcomes than non-Aboriginal infants. Harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, and other substances is higher among Aboriginal women, as is violence, due to factors such as intergenerational trauma and poverty. We estimated the proportion of small for gestational age (SGA) births, preterm births, and perinatal deaths that could be attributed to these risks.

Maternal fetal programming of birthweight among Australian Aboriginal infants: a population-based data linkage study.

Background: Low birthweight, which is common among Australian Aboriginal infants, has been found to persist across generations because of shared genetic and environmental factors and possibly fetal programming. Fetal programming refers to the response of a fetus to hostile uterine conditions with lifelong effects and possibly, in turn, providing a poorer uterine environment for future offspring. Fetal programming might have a greater effect in populations that have undergone rapid lifestyle transitions-for example, Indigenous populations.

Use of family relationships improved consistency of identification of Aboriginal people in linked administrative data.

Background And Objectives: Algorithms are often used to improve identification of Aboriginal Australians in linked data sets with inconsistent and incomplete recording of Aboriginal status. We compared how consistently some common algorithms identified family members, developed a new algorithm incorporating relatives' information, and assessed the effects of these algorithms on health estimates.

Methods: The sample was people born 1980-2011 recorded as Aboriginal at least once (or a relative) in four Western Australian data sets and their relatives (N = 156,407).

No official identity: a data linkage study of birth registration of Aboriginal children in Western Australia.

Objective: Evidence of identity, particularly a birth certificate, is essential to access many rights. However, the births of many Aboriginal Australians are not registered when they are infants. We examined factors related to birth registration among Western Australian children born to Aboriginal mothers.

Prostate cancer mortality outcomes and patterns of primary treatment for Aboriginal men in New South Wales, Australia.

Objective: To compare prostate cancer mortality for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men and to describe prostate cancer treatments received by Aboriginal men.

Patients And Methods: We analysed cancer registry records for all men diagnosed with prostate cancer in New South Wales (NSW) in 2001-2007 linked to hospital inpatient episodes and deaths. More detailed information on androgen-deprivation therapy and radiotherapy was obtained from medical records for 87 NSW Aboriginal men diagnosed in 2000-2011.