Serum adropin level in wet-type age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Our objective was to compare the serum Adropin levels between patients with wet-type Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and otherwise healthy individuals.

Method: The study included 45 patients with wet-type AMD and 45 individuals without age-related macular degeneration. Patients with co-morbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, and a previous history of visual impairment; were excluded.

Retinal imaging and Alzheimer's disease: a future powered by Artificial Intelligence.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects brain tissue. Because the retina and brain share the same embryonic origin, visual deficits have been reported in AD patients. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently received a lot of attention due to its immense power to process and detect image hallmarks and make clinical decisions (like diagnosis) based on images.

Role of complement factor B rs4151667 (L9H) polymorphisms and its interactional role with CFH Y402H and C3 rs2230199 (R102G) risk variants in age-related macular degeneration: a case control study.

Background: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease, which is genetically associated with different susceptibility loci. We planned to investigate the possible association of Complement Factor B (CFB) rs4151667 (L9H) variants and their possible interaction with Complement Factor H (CFH) Y402H and Complement factor 3 (C3) rs2230199 (R102G) in AMD.

Methods: This case-control association study included 216 advanced type AMD patients and 191 healthy individuals for evaluation.

Association of polymorphisms of complement factor I rs141853578 (G119R) with age-related macular degeneration in Iranian population.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease, and recent studies have shown role of complement system genes in its development. Complement factor I regulates the complement pathways, and relationship between CFI polymorphisms and AMD is controversial. We evaluated the possible association of complement factor I rs141853578 (G119R) variation with advanced AMD in Iranian patients.

Association of the DNA repair SMUG1 rs3087404 polymorphism and its interaction with high sensitivity C-reactive protein for age-related macular degeneration in Iranian patients.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease and recently the role of DNA repairing genes in its susceptibility has been studied. It has been hypothesized that polymorphism in DNA repair system genes reduce the capacity to repair DNA damages which may lead to a greater susceptibility to AMD. C-reactive protein (CRP) production is shown to enhance inflammatory processes by increasing oxidative stress and inducing DNA damage.

Joint association of complement component 3 and CC-cytokine ligand2 (CCL2) or complement component 3 and CFH polymorphisms in age-related macular degeneration.

Background: To determine the joint effect of complement component 3(C3 R102G) with CC-cytokine ligand2 (CCL2-2518) or complement factor H (CFH) Y402H polymorphisms on advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this case-control study, 233 patients with advanced AMD and 159 unrelated healthy controls enrolled for evaluation. Selected polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Practice Guidelines: Customized for Iranian Population.

Purpose: To customize clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Iranian population.

Methods: Three DR CPGs (The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2013, American Academy of Ophthalmology [Preferred Practice Pattern 2012], and Australian Diabetes Society 2008) were selected from the literature using the AGREE tool. Clinical questions were designed and summarized into four tables by the customization team.

Evaluation of CC-cytokine ligand 2 and complementary factor H Y402H polymorphisms and their interactional association with age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of CC-cytokine ligand 2 CCL2-2518 (rs1024611) single nucleotide polymorphism, complement factor H (CFH Y402H) and their possible interaction in developing advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: In this case-control study, DNA samples from 266 patients with advanced AMD and 229 healthy controls were genotyped for CCL2 polymorphism and also 254 patients and 164 healthy controls were genotyped for CFH polymorphism. The possible associations of these polymorphisms with susceptibility to AMD independently and in different joint combinations were evaluated.

Association of polymorphisms in complement component 3 with age-related macular degeneration in an Iranian population.

Background: Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population. Inflammatory mediators play an important role in AMD pathogenesis and immune-related gene polymorphisms are shown to increase the risk. Complement system is an important mediator of the immunity system and several genes encoding proteins involved in this system are associated with susceptibility to AMD.

Matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein and Fetuin-A, in wet type age-related macular degeneration.

Aim: To evaluate the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Fetuin-A and matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein (MGP) as the main factors for vascular calcification and inflammation in serum of patients with advanced age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) in comparison to healthy controls.

Methods: The subjects were 40 patients with choroidal neovascularization (CNV) having a mean age of 70.9±9.

A comparative study on preprocessing techniques in diabetic retinopathy retinal images: illumination correction and contrast enhancement.

To investigate the effect of preprocessing techniques including contrast enhancement and illumination correction on retinal image quality, a comparative study was carried out. We studied and implemented a few illumination correction and contrast enhancement techniques on color retinal images to find out the best technique for optimum image enhancement. To compare and choose the best illumination correction technique we analyzed the corrected red and green components of color retinal images statistically and visually.

Detection of retinal capillary nonperfusion in fundus fluorescein angiogram of diabetic retinopathy.

Introduction: Retinal capillary nonperfusion (CNP) is one of the retinal vascular diseases in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients. As there is no comprehensive detection technique to recognize CNP areas, we proposed a different method for computing detection of ischemic retina, non-perfused (NP) regions, in fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA) images.

Methods: Whilst major vessels appear as ridges, non-perfused areas are usually observed as ponds that are surrounded by healthy capillaries in FFA images.

Osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand in exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Calcification and inflammation are among the important cases of exudative age-related macular degeneration (E-ARMD). The aim of the present study was to elucidate if there is any relationship between serum Osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANK-ligand) and E-ARMD. In a cross-sectional study, we compared 45 E-ARMD patients with 45 matched controls.

Macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in unilateral anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia.

Purpose: To compare the macular and nerve fiber layer thicknesses as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in amblyopic and fellow eyes.

Methods: Fifty patients with monocular strabismic (n = 25) or anisometropic (n = 25) amblyopia (best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranging from 20/40 to 20/400) were included in a prospective cross-sectional descriptive study. A refractive error more than 5 diopters in either eye or an axial length difference between the eyes of more than 1 mm was excluded in the anisometropic group.

Calcium dobesilate reduces endothelin-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein serum levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To determine the benefits of calcium dobesilate (CaD) administration on endothelial function and inflammatory status in patients with diabetic retinopathy through measurement of serum levels of endothelin-1 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 90 patients with either severe nonproliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy and with blood glucose level of 120-200 mg/dl were randomly allocated to treatment with either CaD tablets (500 mg daily) or placebo for 3 months. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and macular status were performed before the study.

Serum paraoxonase phenotype distribution in exudative age-related macular degeneration and its relationship to homocysteine and oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

Purpose: Disequilibrium between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels has been proposed as an important case of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of the present study was to investigate homocysteine (Hcy) level and antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity within its phenotypes together with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) levels in the patients with exudative AMD.

Methods: Serum PON1 activity and plasma Hcy and OX-LDL levels were analyzed in 45 exudative AMD patients and compared with 45 healthy controls.

Pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

Methods: Nine cases of visual loss due to macular edema caused by central retinal vein occlusion or branch retinal vein occlusion underwent pars plana vitrectomy with removal of the preretinal hyaloid, peeling of the internal limiting membrane stained with indocyanine green dye, air-fluid exchange, and postoperative prone positioning. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness by optical coherence tomography were measured pre- and postoperatively then compared to assess the outcome of surgery.

The effect of Helicobacter pylori treatment on remission of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment on remission of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSCR) who were infected with H.

Oxidative DNA damage and total antioxidant status in glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To evaluate DNA damage markers and the antioxidant status of serum and aqueous humor in glaucoma patients.

Methods: Aqueous humor and serum samples were obtained at the time of surgery from 28 patients with glaucoma and 27 patients with cataracts. Total antioxidant status (TAS) and 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of all samples were determined by spectrophotometric and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.

Plasma oxidized LDL and thiol-containing molecules in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: It was proposed that total thiols (tSH) as powerful reducing agents and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OX-LDL) may be associated with development of choroidal neovascularization in exudative age-related macular degeneration (E-ARMD).

Methods: In a case-control study, 45 patients with E-ARMD were compared with 45 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. The levels of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and OX-LDL as oxidant agents, and of tSH and glutathione (GSH) as antioxidant markers, were estimated in E-ARMD patients and controls.

Aqueous humor hepcidin prohormone levels in patients with primary open angle glaucoma.

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the levels of Interleukin-6 (IL6) and Hepcidin prohormone (Hep) in the serum and aqueous humor of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), as well as those with senile cataract as a control group.

Methods: Levels of IL6 and Hep were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods in serum and aqueous humor aspirates taken from 45 patients (POAG=20, Control=25) during anterior segment surgery.

Results: The mean aqueous humor Hep concentration in eyes with POAG was significantly higher than that controls (34.

Prevention of selenite-induced cataractogenesis in Wistar albino rats by aqueous extract of garlic.

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory impacts of the aqueous extract of garlic (Ga) on the formation of cataract induced by sodium selenite (Se).

Methods: Thirty-two Wistar albino rat pups (4 equal groups: G1, G2, G3, and G4) were treated as follows: G1, subcutaneous (s.c.

Spontaneous corneal hydrops and perforation in pellucid marginal degeneration; a case report.

Purpose: To report an unusual presentation of pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD).

Case Report: A 57-year-old man with history of corneal ectasia experienced acute hydrops and spontaneous corneal perforation in his right eye. Examination revealed PMD in both eyes.

Preventive effect of onion juice on selenite-induced experimental cataract.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of onion juice on sodium-selenite induced cataract formation.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two 10-day-old Wistar-albino rat pups were divided into four equal groups. Group 1 received only subcutaneous saline injection.