Sustainable upcycling of bleached kraft pulp to dissolving grade cellulose through alkaline, steam, and organic solvent treatments.

This study investigates the sustainable upgrading of bleached kraft pulp (BKP) from softwood into dissolving-grade alpha-cellulose through a series of individual treatments: alkaline extraction, hydrothermal processing (hot water and steam), and organic solvent exposure (TFA, NMMO, and DMAc). This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of these methods in enhancing alpha-cellulose purity while maintaining fiber integrity and reactivity. Alkaline extraction was conducted using sodium hydroxide at concentrations of 8 %, 10 %, and 12 % at varying temperatures (25-60 °C).

Ozone pretreatment and process optimization to improve fuel pellet production from sugarcane bagasse pith.

Sugarcane bagasse pith (SBP), a byproduct of sugar production, is often discarded or burned as waste, despite its potential as a biofuel feedstock. This study explores ozone pretreatment as a processing step to enhance the physicochemical and pelletizing properties of SBP for biofuel production. Ozone pretreatment, conducted in a fixed-bed reactor, selectively reduced lignin content and improved the biomass's binding properties, promoting stronger interparticle adhesion during pelletization.

Influence of different pulping processes, cold caustic extraction, and bleaching as common post-treatments on properties of produced lignocellulose nanocrystals (LCNCs) from bagasse.

The influence of different pulping processes-soda, monoethanolamine, and Formacell-along with cold caustic extraction (CCE) and a bleaching sequence (DEpD) as post-treatments on the properties of lignocellulosic nanocrystals (LCNCs) was evaluated. LCNCs were produced through acid hydrolysis from the pulps. SEM and AFM analyses confirmed the successful production of LCNCs with dimensions under 100 nm.

Films of polylactic acid with graphene oxide-zinc oxide hybrid and Mentha longifolia essential oil: Effects on quality of refrigerated chicken fillet.

This study was conducted to investigate the morphological, thermal, mechanical, FTIR, physicochemical (thickness, humidity, solubility in water and water vapor permeability) and antimicrobial properties of polylactic acid film (PLA) containing hybrid graphene oxide‑zinc oxide (GO-ZnO: 1.5 % w/v) and Mentha longifolia essential oil (ML:1 % v/v) on chicken fillet kept in the refrigerator. The studied groups were microbially (total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, and lactic acid bacteria), chemically (pH, TVB-N) and sensory (color, odor, and taste) evaluated at 8-day interval (0, 2, 5 and 8).

Lignin nanoparticles as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous media.

This work demonstrated enhanced adsorption capabilities of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) synthesized via a straightforward hydrotropic method compared to pristine lignin (PL) powder for removing methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. Kraft lignin was used as a precursor and p-toluenesulfonic acid as the hydrotrope to produce spherical LNPs with ~ 200 nm diameter. Extensive characterization by SEM, AFM, DLS, zeta potential, and BET verified successful fabrication of microporous LNPs with fourfold higher specific surface area (14.

Comparative study on liquid versus gas phase hydrochloric acid hydrolysis for microcrystalline cellulose isolation from sugarcane bagasse.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was successfully synthesized from sugarcane bagasse using a rapid, low-temperature hydrochloric acid (HCl) gas treatment. The primary aim was to develop an energy-efficient "green" cellulose extraction process. Response surface methodology optimized the liquid-phase hydrolysis conditions to 3.

Surfactants facilitated glycerol organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by structural modification for co-production of fermentable sugars and highly reactive lignin.

This study reported that surfactants could facilitate the organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) to produce fermentable sugars and highly active lignin. Under the optimized conditions, the surfactant-assisted glycerol organosolv (saGO) pretreatment achieved 80.7% delignification with a retention of 93.

Construction of Cu-N coordination into natural biopolymer lignin backbone for highly efficient and selective removal of cationic dyes.

Here, a Cu-doped lignin-based adsorbent (Cu-AL) was fabricated via the amination and Cu-doping of industrial alkali lignin for massive and selective adsorption of cationic dyes azure B (AB) and saffron T (ST). The Cu-N coordination structures endowed Cu-AL with stronger electronegativity and higher dispersity. Through the electrostatic attraction, π-π interaction, H-bonding, and Cu coordination, the adsorption capacities of AB and ST reached up to 1168 and 1420 mg g, respectively.

High-purity cellulose production from birch wood by γ-valerolactone/water fractionation and IONCELL-P process.

This study presents an environmentally friendly process to produce high-purity cellulose (dissolving pulp) from birch wood by combining γ-valerolactone (GVL)/water fractionation and ionic liquid treatment of pulp, IONCELL-P (IP). A paper grade pulp was produced from optimal GVL cook with a similar composition to birch kraft pulp and was bleached with ECF sequence before the hemicelluloses were removed using the IONCELL-P process. The purity of the GVL-IP pulp significantly exceeded that of commercial prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) and prehydrolysis soda-anthraquinone (PH-Soda-AQ) pulps.

Thermostable Cellulases / Xylanases From Thermophilic and Hyperthermophilic Microorganisms: Current Perspective.

The bioconversion of lignocellulose into monosaccharides is critical for ensuring the continual manufacturing of biofuels and value-added bioproducts. Enzymatic degradation, which has a high yield, low energy consumption, and enhanced selectivity, could be the most efficient and environmentally friendly technique for converting complex lignocellulose polymers to fermentable monosaccharides, and it is expected to make cellulases and xylanases the most demanded industrial enzymes. The widespread nature of thermophilic microorganisms allows them to proliferate on a variety of substrates and release substantial quantities of cellulases and xylanases, which makes them a great source of thermostable enzymes.

Glycerol organosolv pretreatment can unlock lignocellulosic biomass for production of fermentable sugars: Present situation and challenges.

The complex structure of lignocellulosic biomass forms the recalcitrance to prevent the embedded holo-cellulosic sugars from undergoing the biodegradation. Therefore, a pretreatment is often required for an efficient enzymatic lignocellulosic hydrolysis. Recently, glycerol organosolv (GO) pretreatment is revealed potent in selective deconstruction of various lignocellulosic biomass and effective improvement of enzymatic hydrolysis.

The effects of gelatin-CMC films incorporated with chitin nanofiber and Trachyspermum ammi essential oil on the shelf life characteristics of refrigerated raw beef.

The effects of gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose (Gel-CMC) based films containing chitin nano fiber (CHNF) and Trachyspermum ammi essential oil (Ajowan), on the shelf life extension of the raw beef at refrigerated temperature (4 °C) over a 12-day period were evaluated. Ajowan essential oil (AJEO) and CHNF were added to the films at 0.24, 0.

The optimization of gelatin-CMC based active films containing chitin nanofiber and Trachyspermum ammi essential oil by response surface methodology.

The effects of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC: 4-16 wt%), chitin nanofiber concentrations (CHNF: 2-5 wt%) and Trachyspermum ammi (Ajowan) essential oil (AJEO: 0.26-1 v/v%) on the physical and antimicrobial characteristics of the gelatin-based nanocomposite films were studied by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimization was based on maximizing contact angle, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain at break (SAB), lightness (L), antibacterial activity, while minimizing water vapour permeability)WVP(, solubility, swelling, yellowness index (YI), and total color difference (ΔE) values.

Concurrent production of sodium lignosulfonate and ethanol from bagasse spent liquor.

This study was done with the aim of lignosulfonate and ethanol production from different spent liquors of bagasse pulping process. For this purpose, alkali lignin from bagasse alkali liquor was separated and was sulfomethylated to produce soda lignosulfonate (SLig). Furthermore, raw bagasse was directly treated with sodium sulfite in acidic and neutral conditions to produce BLig and NLig bagasse lignosulfonate, respectively.

Antimicrobial evaluation of novel poly-lactic acid based nanocomposites incorporated with bioactive compounds in-vitro and in refrigerated vacuum-packed cooked sausages.

Biodegradability and antimicrobial activity of food packaging materials are among the most attractive parameters in modern food industries. In order to develop biodegradable poly-lactic acid (PLA) film to antibacterial nanocomposites, different concentration of Zataria multiflora Bioss. essential oil (ZME), propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) were incorporated to the polymer by solvent casting method.

Effect of cellulosic fiber scale on linear and non-linear mechanical performance of starch-based composites.

Cellulosic nanofibers (NFs) from kenaf bast were used to reinforce glycerol plasticized thermoplastic starch (TPS) matrices with varying contents (0-10wt%). The composites were prepared by casting/evaporation method. Raw fibers (RFs) reinforced TPS films were prepared with the same contents and conditions.

Analysis and Testing of Bisphenol A-Free Bio-Based Tannin Epoxy-Acrylic Adhesives.

A tannin-based epoxy acrylate resin was prepared from glycidyl ether tannin (GET) and acrylic acid. The influence of the reaction condition for producing tannin epoxy acrylate was studied by FT-MIR, C-NMR, MALDI-TOF spectroscopy and shear strength. The best reaction conditions for producing tannin epoxy acrylate resin without bisphenol A was by reaction between GET and acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst and hydroquinone at 95 °C for 12 h.

Kenaf bast cellulosic fibers hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from micro to nano.

Cellulosic fibers from kenaf bast were isolated in three distinct stages. Initially raw kenaf bast fibers were subjected to an alkali pulping process. Then pulped fibers undergone a bleaching process and finally both pulped and bleached fibers were separated into their constituent nanoscale cellulosic fibers by mechanical shearing.

Preparation of cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol biocomposite films using 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.

This study has been focused on developing cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a biocomposite film, pretreated with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl). The dissolved polymers were blended and their biocomposite films including cellulose and cellulose/PVA were prepared. The effect of PVA composition with cellulose was evaluated by comparing the physical, mechanical, chemical and thermal characteristics of produced films with neat cellulosic film.

Effects of dissolution of some lignocellulosic materials with ionic liquids as green solvents on mechanical and physical properties of composite films.

In this study two imidazole-based ionic liquids (ILs), namely 1-butyl-3-methyl-1-imidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) and 1,3-methyl imidazolium dimethyl sulfate ([DiMIM][MeSO4]), were used to dissolve ball-milled poplar wood (PW), chemi-mechanical pulp (CMP), and cotton linter (CEL). A set of comparative experiments was carried out, and physical and mechanical properties of the composite films from three different raw materials were determined by means of optical transparency (OT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), water vapor permeability (WVP), and tensile strength (σb). The overall evaluation indicates the inability of [DiMIM][MeSO4] in complete dissolution of lignocellulosic materials, and sample treatment with this solvent did not lead to water soluble degradation products.

Improving wet and dry strength properties of recycled old corrugated carton (OCC) pulp using various polymers.

In this study, the application of different dosages of low and high molecular weights (MW) of chitosan (Ch), cationic starch (CS) and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) were systematically investigated using old corrugated carton (OCC) furnishes. Various sequences of above-mentioned polymeric additives were also examined to find out the optimal combination for improving both wet and dry tensile strength. For each treatment, 4 handsheets, each having basis weight of 100 g/m(2), were made.

WITHDRAWN: Elucidation of structural condensation in lignin of eastern cottonwood.

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Removal of Acid Orange 7 and Remazol Black 5 reactive dyes from aqueous solutions using a novel biosorbent.

This study utilizes canola stalks (CS), an agro-residue, as a biosorbent to remove two different dyes, namely Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and Remozol Black 5 (RB5) from aqueous solutions. The effects of operational parameters on the efficiency of dye removal including pH, adsorbent mass, initial dye concentration and contact time have been investigated. For both tested dyes, the maximum absorption capacity was reached at initial pH 2.