Characteristics and neighborhood-level opportunity of assault-injured children in Milwaukee.

Background: Multiple studies have explored demographic characteristics and social determinants of health in relation to the risk of pediatric assault-related injuries and reinjury. However, few have explored protective factors. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) uses neighborhood-level indicators to measure 'opportunity' based on factors such as education, social environment, and economic resources.

Delivery of essential pediatric congenital surgical care within Brazil's universal health coverage system: a national survey of pediatric surgeons.

Objective: In this study, we assess the delivery of congenital pediatric surgical care under Brazil's system of universal health coverage and evaluate differences in delivery between public and private sectors.

Methods: A cross-sectional national survey of pediatric surgeons in Brazil was conducted. Participants were asked which of 23 interventions identified through the they perform and to report barriers faced while providing surgical care.

Online medical education: A student survey.

Background: During COVID-19, medical schools transitioned to online learning as an emergency response to deliver their education programmes. This multi-country study compared the methods by which medical schools worldwide restructured the delivery of medical education during the pandemic.

Methods: This multi-country, cross-sectional study was performed using an internet-based survey distributed to medical students in multiple languages in November 2020.

Who Gets Burned in Brazil?

Burns are preventable injuries that still represent a relevant public health issue. The identification of risk factors might contribute to the development of specific preventive strategies. Data of patients admitted at the Hospital due to acute burn injuries from May 2017 to December 2019, was extracted manually from medical records.

Is authorship by women in Brazilian academic surgery increasing? A five-year retrospective analysis.

Women remain underrepresented in 80% of Brazilian surgical specialties, however, women representation within the Brazilian academic surgical literature remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the gender distribution of first and last authors in Brazilian surgical journals. All publications between 2015 and 2019 from the five Brazilian surgical journals with the highest impact factor were reviewed.

Modern treatment of a Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome patient with Palma procedure.

Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly that is associated with abnormalities in the deep venous system. Operative intervention is often used only when patients fail conservative management for chronic venous insufficiency. We present a case of a deep venous abnormality requiring a saphenous vein crossover Palma procedure, in combination with a left femoral arteriovenous PTFE fistula to manage a non-healing wound from chronic venous insufficiency in a 22-year-old man.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Burns: A Brazilian Study.

Unlabelled: During the COVID-19 pandemic, some of the strategies chosen to contain the spread, such as social isolation and use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer, were suspected to increase the risk of domestic accidents, especially burns. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate possible differences in epidemiological trends among burned patients admitted to the main referral hospital of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, before and during the pandemic.

Methods: All categories of new burns admitted at the Burn Unit of the João XXIII Hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.

Gender-Based Discrimination Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Brazil.

Introduction: Gender-based discrimination (GBD) creates a hostile environment during medical school, affecting students' personal life and academic performance. Little is known about how GBD affects the over 204,000 medical students in Brazil. This study aims to explore the patterns of GBD experienced by medical students in Brazil.

Thoracoscopy versus thoracotomy for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: Outcomes from the Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium.

Background/purpose: Controversy persists regarding the ideal surgical approach for repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). We examined complications and outcomes of infants undergoing thoracoscopy and thoracotomy for repair of Type C EA/TEF using propensity score-based overlap weights to minimize the effects of selection bias.

Methods: Secondary analysis of two databases from multicenter retrospective and prospective studies examining outcomes of infants with proximal EA and distal TEF who underwent repair at 11 institutions was performed based on surgical approach.

Surgical capacity assessment in the state of Amazonas using the surgical assessment tool. Cross-sectional study.

Objective: Brazil is a country with universal health coverage, yet access to surgery among remote rural populations remains understudied. This study assesses surgical care capacity among hospitals providing care for the rural populations in the Amazonas state of Brazil through in-depth facility assessments.

Methods: a stratified randomized cross-sectional evaluation of hospitals that self-report providing surgical care in Amazonas was conducted from July 2016 to March 2017.

Gender Discrimination, Career Aspirations, and Access to Mentorship Among Medical Students in Brazil.

Introduction: Gender-based discrimination (GBD) creates a hostile environment that can affect medical students. Mentorship has been recognized as a mitigating factor for GBD. We aimed to investigate the impacts of GBD on career selection and well-being of medical students in Brazil and to explore access to mentorship among these students.

Disparities in the Management of Pediatric Breast Masses.

Introduction: Disparities in surgical management have been documented across a range of disease processes. The objective of this study was to investigate sociodemographic disparities in young females undergoing excision of a breast mass.

Methods: A retrospective study of females aged 10-21 y who underwent surgery for a breast lesion across eleven pediatric hospitals from 2011 to 2016 was performed.

Impact of out-of-pocket expenses for surgical care on households in rural Haiti: a mixed-methods study.

Objectives: This study aimed to report household catastrophic spending on surgery and the experiences of patients and families seeking surgical care in rural Haiti.

Design: The study used an explanatory, sequential mixed-methods approach. We collected both quantitative and qualitative data from the participants through interviews.

Evolution of Gender Disparities Among Brazilian Surgical, Anesthesia, and Obstetric Providers.

Introduction: Since 2010, most graduating physicians in Brazil have been female, nevertheless gender disparities among surgical specialties still exist. This study aims to explore whether the increase in female physicians has translated to increased female representation among surgical specialties in Brazil.

Methods: Data on gender, years of practice, and specialty was extracted from Demografia Médica do Brasil, from 2015 to 2020.

Extreme Gigantomastia Caused by Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia at Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais: A Case Report.

Gigantomastia is a rare pathologic condition characterized by an excessive and abnormal breast development. To date, there is no universally accepted definition or classification of this disease. The purpose of this article is to present a case of extreme and disabling gigantomastia caused by pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, the rarest etiology of gigantomastia.

Geographic barriers to children's surgical care: A systematic review of existing evidence.

Background: Ensuring that children have access to timely and appropriate surgical care is a vital component of comprehensive pediatric care. This study systematically reviews the existing evidence related to geographic barriers in children's surgery.

Methods: Medline and Scopus databases were searched for any English language studies that examined associations between geographic burden (rural residence or distance to care) and a quantifiable outcome within pediatric surgical subspecialties.

Association between government policy and delays in emergent and elective surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: a modeling study.

Background: The impact of public health policy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 on access to surgical care is poorly defined. We aim to quantify the surgical backlog during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Brazilian public health system and determine the relationship between state-level policy response and the degree of state-level delays in public surgical care.

Methods: Monthly estimates of surgical procedures performed per state from January 2016 to December 2020 were obtained from Brazil's Unified Health System Informatics Department.

Analysis of authorship trends in vascular surgery demonstrates a sticky surgical floor for women.

Objective: Prior research in vascular surgery has identified significant gender disparities in leadership positions, but few data exist regarding gender disparities in vascular publications. This study aims to evaluate authorship trends by gender in the three highest impact factor vascular surgery journals.

Methods: In this bibliometric analysis, PubMed was searched for articles published in the European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, the Journal of Vascular Surgery, and Annals of Vascular Surgery from 2015 to 2019.

Intravenous cephalosporin versus non-cephalosporin-based prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections in colorectal surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is common in colorectal surgery patients and associated with morbidity and mortality. Guidelines recommend preoperative intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis with aerobic and anaerobic coverage to reduce SSI risk. Cephalosporin based prophylaxis (CBP) regimens are recommended as first-line prophylaxis, and non-cephalosporin based are recommended as alternative prophylaxis (AP).

Implementation of a checklist to improve pediatric trauma assessment quality in a Brazilian hospital.

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death among children and adolescents in Brazil. Measurement of quality of care is important, as well as interventions that will help optimize treatment. We aimed to evaluate adherence to standardized trauma care following the introduction of a checklist in one of the busiest Latin American trauma centers.