Tissue factor expression in salivary gland carcinoma: a potential novel therapeutic target for advanced disease.

Background: Salivary gland carcinomas (SGC) are rare head and neck malignancies with diverse molecular profiles and treatment challenges. Tissue factor (TF), a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in cancer pathophysiology, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate TF expression in SGC and its correlation with clinicopathological data.

Expression patterns of TROP2 and Nectin-4 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in relation to HPV status: potential biomarkers for targeted therapy.

Background: Patients with inoperable or metastatic oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) face limited therapeutic options. Nectin-4, an immunoglobulin-like transmembrane adhesion protein, and Trophoblast Surface Antigen 2 (TROP2), a transmembrane glycoprotein, have recently emerged as targets for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). , an ADC targeting Nectin-4, has been approved for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, while , targeting TROP2, was approved for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

Diversity and inclusivity in oncology: A narrative review and orientation for institutional measures in Germany.

• Diversity remains underrepresented in oncology care and research in Germany. • Several domains such as biological sex and age affect cancer therapy efficacy and toxicity. • Socioeconomic disadvantage reduces access to screening and trial participation.

The expression of the tight junction protein and therapeutical target Claudin 18.2 is heterogeneously distributed within esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a therapeutically relevant biomarker in esophageal (EAC) -and gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC).

The AP-1 factor JUNB correlates with poor survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Malignant cells have in contrast to non-transformed cells de-regulated transcriptional networks. The activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor complex is expressed in many cancer entities including adenocarcinomas and has been correlated to de-regulated transcription and tumor-promoting mechanisms. Despite complex treatment approaches, esophageal cancer is still associated with poor overall survival.

Adjuvant FLOT provides survival benefit for oesophagogastric junction and gastric adenocarcinoma patients with low tumour regression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Oesophagogastric junction and gastric adenocarcinoma (OGA) are associated with high mortality rates, with 5-year survival rates below 50% in the curative setting. This study evaluates the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy (a chemotherapy regimen consisting of docetaxel, oxaliplatin, leucovorin and 5-fluorouracil [FLOT]) in patients with low tumour regression grades (TRG) following neoadjuvant FLOT (>10% viable tumour cells in surgical specimen, TRG 2/3 analogue Becker's classification). Data from all patients who had undergone ≥3 cycles of neoadjuvant FLOT with R0 resection and TRG 2/3 in surgical specimen, diagnosed between 2017 and 2020 at the University of Cologne (n = 134), were analyzed.

Local T-Cell Dysregulation and Immune Checkpoint Expression in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis.

Human papillomavirus-mediated recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a premalignant neoplasia of the upper airway characterized by significant dysphonia and respiratory obstruction. Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as a potential alternative to repeated surgical interventions in RRP. Here, we investigated the intralesional T-cell composition and expression of the immune checkpoints programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in RRP.

Basal-like subtype of esophageal adenocarcinoma and it's morphological, molecular and clinical characteristics.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and squamous cell carcinoma are the two main tumor types of the esophagus, each with distinct morphological and molecular features. While mixed adeno-squamous carcinomas are recognized, it remains unclear whether a basal-like subtype-known from breast and pancreatic adenocarcinomas-also exists in EAC. This study analyzed tumor samples from 953 patients with operable EAC for expression of the basal cytokeratins CK5 and CK6.

AKR1C3 enhances radioresistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma via inhibiting ferroptosis through suppressing TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination of HSPA5.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the predominant subtype of esophageal cancer (EC) in high-income countries, and radioresistance is one of the key factors for the poor prognosis. In this study, we successfully established a radioresistant EAC in vitro model. Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) was identified as a promising regulator of radioresistance by RNA-seq analysis and subsequent functional studies.

Concordance of laboratory assays for claudin 18.2 in gastric cancer tissue samples: independent proficiency testing and a descriptive non-interventional study.

Biomarker testing is vital for personalized cancer treatment with improved efficacy based on genotype and biomarker expression. This prospective, in vitro, non-interventional study accompanied an independent proficiency test to descriptively analyze the results of immunohistochemical claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.

CSF1R myeloid-monocytic cells drive CAR-T cell resistance in aggressive B cell lymphoma.

Despite the improvement, approximately 60% of patients with relapsed or refractory (r/r) aggressive B cell lymphoma (B-NHL) do not achieve durable benefit from CAR-T cell therapy. To elucidate factors associated with CAR-T therapy resistance, we conducted high-dimensional analyses of pre- and post-CAR-T cell specimens. In patients with non-durable response, we identified a prognostically relevant lymphoma-associated myeloid-monocytic (LAMM) gene signature.

Development and clinical validation of a prognostic algorithm for stroma-tumor ratio quantification in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background And Aim: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, highlighting the importance of refining diagnostic modalities. This study's main focus is the development of a digital pathology, prognostic algorithm for fully automatized quantification of stroma-tumor ratio (STR) in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: The developed STR algorithm is built upon a powerful multi-class tissue segmentation algorithm that generates precise maps of the full tumor region.

"It's like having a second job": qualitative insights into the emotional burden of infertility and the need for coordinated care.

Infertility, affecting one in six individuals worldwide, poses substantial emotional and physical challenges. Its impact on quality of life (QoL), mental health and social relationships is well documented. However, qualitative insights into the lived experiences of those affected remain limited, as do the perspectives of health professionals involved in their care.

Assessment of p53 in Endometrial Carcinoma Biopsy and Corresponding Hysterectomy Cases in a Real-World Setting: Which Cases Need Molecular Work-Up?

Over 420,242 women were diagnosed with uterine cancer worldwide in 2022 [...

Augmented reality microscopy to bridge trust between AI and pathologists.

Diagnostic certainty is the cornerstone of modern medicine and critical for maximal treatment benefit. When evaluating biomarker expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), however, pathologists are hindered by complex scoring methodologies, unique positivity cut-offs and subjective staining interpretation. Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially eliminate diagnostic uncertainty, especially when AI "trustworthiness" is proven by expert pathologists in the context of real-world clinical practice.

Vascularity of the gastric conduit predicts complications after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.

Background: Anastomotic leakage (AL) contributes to postoperative morbidity and mortality after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Vascular high-risk patients show a significantly increased risk of AL. We previously showed that laparoscopic ischemic conditioning (ISCON) of the stomach prior esophagectomy in these high-risk patients is a safe procedure that induces neoangiogenesis at the anastomotic site.

Update on the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with infertility.

Purpose Of Review: This review is timely and relevant as it addresses recent guideline updates regarding subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in infertility. The manuscript examines updates in SCH management, focusing on a significant shift in guidelines following the exclusion of a key randomized-controlled trial. This trial, central to previous guidelines and included in multiple meta-analyses, was excluded because of concerns about its validity, prompting a re-evaluation of management approaches.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Single-Cell Analysis as a Next-Generation Histologic Grading Approach in Colorectal Cancer: Prognostic Role and Tumor Biology Assessment.

The management of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) relies on pathological interpretation. Digital pathology approaches allow for development of new potent artificial intelligence-based prognostic parameters. The study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based image analysis platform allowing fully automatized, quantitative, and explainable tumor microenvironment analysis and extraction of prognostic information from hematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images of CRC patients.

Novel sonographic reference charts for early pregnancy based on known gestational age.

Objective: To study pregnancy dating, we developed growth charts using data from pregnancies with known gestational age. The most widely used growth charts for ultrasonographic early pregnancy variables were developed decades ago and are based on dating by the last menstrual period. The aims of the study were to create growth charts for early pregnancy (including crown-rump length, gestational sac diameter, yolk sac diameter, and amniotic cavity diameter) for last menstrual period-dated spontaneous pregnancies and pregnancies conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART) with known gestational age; and to compare crown-rump length measurements with two established traditional charts based on last menstrual period dating.

Quality of life, spiritual needs, and well-being of people affected by infertility and its treatment: quantitative results of a mixed-methods study.

Purpose: Infertility is a growing global health issue that significantly affects quality of life (QoL). Understanding its impact on QoL is essential for developing effective healthcare interventions. This study explored QoL, well-being, and spiritual needs among individuals affected by infertility, with implications for healthcare provision.

Comprehensive testing of large language models for extraction of structured data in pathology.

Background: Pathology departments generate large volumes of unstructured data as free-text diagnostic reports. Converting these reports into structured formats for analytics or artificial intelligence projects requires substantial manual effort by specialized personnel. While recent studies show promise in using advanced language models for structuring pathology data, they primarily rely on proprietary models, raising cost and privacy concerns.

DLL3 Expression in Neuroendocrine Carcinomas and Neuroendocrine Tumours: Insights From a Multicentric Cohort of 1294 Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) is frequently expressed in pulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. However, limited data on DLL3 expression in other neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), such as extrapulmonary SCNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN), gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NET), and pulmonary carcinoids, impedes an estimation if other types of NEN might be suitable candidates for anti-DLL3 therapies. We evaluated DLL3 expression in 1294 NEN and 479 non-neuroendocrine carcinomas, correlating the findings with histological subtypes, tumour localisation, and overall survival (OS).

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Skip-N2 Metastases Have Similar Survival to N1 Patients-A Multicenter Analysis.

Nodal involvement is one of the most important prognostic factors in NSCLC. Skip-N2 metastasis (N0N2), which is N2 metastasis in the absence of N1 metastasis, occurs in approximately 20-30% of patients. According to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, N1 and N0N2 patients may have comparable long-term survival, considering their similar tumor stages.

Proteomic characterization of MET-amplified esophageal adenocarcinomas reveals enrichment of alternative splicing- and androgen signaling-related proteins.

Background: Esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) represent an evolving tumor entity with high mortality rates. MET amplification is a recurrent driver in EACs and is associated with decreased patient survival. However, the response to MET inhibitors is limited.

[Relevance of frozen section diagnostics in pancreatic surgery].

Frozen sections are performed in pancreatic surgery for three reasons: histopathological confirmation of previously unclear space-occupying lesions, determination of the extent of surgical resection in an operative exploration and for possible follow-up resections after previously carried out surgical resections. Overall, in the literature there are heterogeneous data with respect to an improvement in the prognosis of a secondary R0 resection by a repeat resection in comparison to a R1 resection. Nowadays, extended pancreatic resections including vascular resections are technically feasible and safe.