Changes in Gray Matter Morphology and White Matter Microstructure Across the Adult Lifespan in People With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly associated with mesiotemporal pathology and widespread alterations of gray and white matter structures. Evidence supports a progressive condition, although the temporal evolution of TLE is poorly defined. In this ENIGMA-Epilepsy study, we aim to investigate structural alterations in gray and white matter across the adult lifespan in patients with TLE by charting both gray and white matter changes and explore the covariance of age-related alterations in both compartments.

Associations between epilepsy-related polygenic risk and brain morphology in childhood.

Extensive neuroimaging research in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) has identified brain atrophy as a disease phenotype. While it is also related to a complex genetic architecture, the transition from genetic risk factors to brain vulnerabilities remains unclear. Using a population-based approach, we examined the associations between epilepsy-related polygenic risk for HS (PRS-HS) and brain structure in healthy developing children, assessed their relation to brain network architecture, and evaluated its correspondence with case-control findings in TLE-HS diagnosed patients relative to healthy individuals We used genome-wide genotyping and structural T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 3,826 neurotypical children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Alterations in Cortical Microstructure, Morphology, and Intrinsic Local Function in Spiking Tissue in Patients With Focal Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Epilepsy is increasingly conceptualized as a network disorder, and advancing methods for its diagnosis and treatment requires characterizing both the epileptic generator and related networks. Previous research has highlighted alterations in cortical structure and hemodynamics in epilepsy, but it remains unknown whether these alterations concentrate in areas generating epileptic activity. The aim of this study was to interrogate alterations in microstructure, morphology, and intrinsic local function within and beyond spiking tissue in focal epilepsy, combining multimodal MRI and high-density EEG (HD-EEG).

Multimodal gradients unify local and global cortical organization.

Functional specialization of brain areas and subregions, as well as their integration into large-scale networks, are key principles in neuroscience. Consolidating both local and global perspectives on cortical organization, however, remains challenging. Here, we present an approach to integrate inter- and intra-areal similarities of microstructure, structural connectivity, and functional interactions.

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN EPILEPSY-RELATED POLYGENIC RISK AND BRAIN MORPHOLOGY IN CHILDHOOD.

Temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) is associated with a complex genetic architecture, but the translation from genetic risk factors to brain vulnerability remains unclear. Here, we examined associations between epilepsy-related polygenic risk scores for HS (PRS-HS) and brain structure in a large sample of neurotypical children, and correlated these signatures with case-control findings in in multicentric cohorts of patients with TLE-HS. Imaging-genetic analyses revealed PRS-related cortical thinning in temporo-parietal and fronto-central regions, strongly anchored to distinct functional and structural network epicentres.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Perturbs the Brain-Wide Excitation-Inhibition Balance: Associations with Microcircuit Organization, Clinical Parameters, and Cognitive Dysfunction.

Excitation-inhibition (E/I) imbalance is theorized as a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, with ample research focusing on elucidating its cellular manifestations. However, few studies investigate E/I imbalance at the macroscale, whole-brain level, and its microcircuit-level mechanisms and clinical significance remain incompletely understood. Here, the Hurst exponent, an index of the E/I ratio, is computed from resting-state fMRI time series, and microcircuit parameters are simulated using biophysical models.

Brain Networks for Cortical Atrophy and Responsive Neurostimulation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Importance: Drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) has been associated with hippocampal pathology. Most surgical treatment strategies, including resection and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), focus on this disease epicenter; however, imaging alterations distant from the hippocampus, as well as emerging data from responsive neurostimulation trials, suggest conceptualizing TLE as a network disorder.

Objective: To assess whether brain networks connected to areas of atrophy in the hippocampus align with the topography of distant neuroimaging alterations and RNS response.

Contracted functional connectivity profiles in autism.

Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with atypical brain network organization, with prior work suggesting differential connectivity alterations with respect to functional connection length. Here, we tested whether functional connectopathy in ASD specifically relates to disruptions in long- relative to short-range functional connections. Our approach combined functional connectomics with geodesic distance mapping, and we studied associations to macroscale networks, microarchitectural patterns, as well as socio-demographic and clinical phenotypes.

Associations of Cerebral Blood Flow Patterns With Gray and White Matter Structure in Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background And Objectives: Neuroimaging studies in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) show widespread brain network alterations beyond the mesiotemporal lobe. Despite the critical role of the cerebrovascular system in maintaining whole-brain structure and function, changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) remain incompletely understood in the disease. Here, we studied whole-brain perfusion and vascular network alterations in TLE and assessed its associations with gray and white matter compromises and various clinical variables.

Atypical connectome topography and signal flow in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common pharmaco-resistant epilepsy in adults. While primarily associated with mesiotemporal pathology, recent evidence suggests that brain alterations in TLE extend beyond the paralimbic epicenter and impact macroscale function and cognitive functions, particularly memory. Using connectome-wide manifold learning and generative models of effective connectivity, we examined functional topography and directional signal flow patterns between large-scale neural circuits in TLE at rest.

A WORLDWIDE ENIGMA STUDY ON EPILEPSY-RELATED GRAY AND WHITE MATTER COMPROMISE ACROSS THE ADULT LIFESPAN.

Objectives: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly associated with mesiotemporal pathology and widespread alterations of grey and white matter structures. Evidence supports a progressive condition although the temporal evolution of TLE is poorly defined. This ENIGMA-Epilepsy study utilized multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to investigate structural alterations in TLE patients across the adult lifespan.

ChatGPT 3.5 fails to write appropriate multiple choice practice exam questions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) may have a profound impact on traditional teaching in academic settings. Multiple concerns have been raised, especially related to using ChatGPT for creating essays. However, AI programs such as ChatGPT may augment teaching techniques.

Atypical connectome topography and signal flow in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common pharmaco-resistant epilepsies in adults. While hippocampal pathology is the hallmark of this condition, emerging evidence indicates that brain alterations extend beyond the mesiotemporal epicenter and affect macroscale brain function and cognition. We studied macroscale functional reorganization in TLE, explored structural substrates, and examined cognitive associations.

Cortical microstructural gradients capture memory network reorganization in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), one of the most common pharmaco-resistant epilepsies, is associated with pathology of paralimbic brain regions, particularly in the mesiotemporal lobe. Cognitive dysfunction in TLE is frequent, and particularly affects episodic memory. Crucially, these difficulties challenge the quality of life of patients, sometimes more than seizures, underscoring the need to assess neural processes of cognitive dysfunction in TLE to improve patient management.

Multiplex translaminar imaging in the spinal cord of behaving mice.

While the spinal cord is known to play critical roles in sensorimotor processing, including pain-related signaling, corresponding activity patterns in genetically defined cell types across spinal laminae have remained challenging to investigate. Calcium imaging has enabled cellular activity measurements in behaving rodents but is currently limited to superficial regions. Here, using chronically implanted microprisms, we imaged sensory and motor-evoked activity in regions and at speeds inaccessible by other high-resolution imaging techniques.

Trans-segmental imaging in the spinal cord of behaving mice.

Spinal cord circuits play crucial roles in transmitting pain, but the underlying activity patterns within and across spinal segments in behaving mice have remained elusive. We developed a wearable widefield macroscope with a 7.9-mm field of view, ~3- to 4-μm lateral resolution, 2.

Phosphatidylserine Exposure Controls Viral Innate Immune Responses by Microglia.

Microglia are the intrinsic immune sentinels of the central nervous system. Their activation restricts tissue injury and pathogen spread, but in some settings, including viral infection, this response can contribute to cell death and disease. Identifying mechanisms that control microglial responses is therefore an important objective.

Imaging large-scale cellular activity in spinal cord of freely behaving mice.

Sensory information from mechanoreceptors and nociceptors in the skin plays key roles in adaptive and protective motor behaviours. To date, very little is known about how this information is encoded by spinal cord cell types and their activity patterns, particularly under freely behaving conditions. To enable stable measurement of neuronal and glial cell activity in behaving mice, we have developed fluorescence imaging approaches based on two- and miniaturized one-photon microscopy.