Upstream considerations for gas fermentation processes.

Gas fermentation enables the production of fuels, chemicals, and foods from gaseous carbon sources and could serve as a technology for valorizing carbon that may otherwise be emitted to the atmosphere. In this review, we focus on upstream feedstock considerations: the supply of carbon and the supply of electrical power. Electrical power serves a dual role, providing both process energy and biochemical redox potential (via hydrogen or reduced intermediates).

Optimizing utilization of point source and atmospheric carbon dioxide as a feedstock in electrochemical CO reduction.

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide is a potential pathway for production of fuels and chemicals that uses atmospheric carbon dioxide as a feedstock. Here, we present an analysis of the potential for carbon dioxide from point sources and via direct air capture to be utilized in electrochemical reduction under different market scenarios. We show that developing a network for production of these products at scale requires capture and utilization of significant portions of the carbon dioxide that is currently emitted from large stationary point sources.