A real-life multicenter experience for the post-pandemic management of hypersensitivity reactions to Covid-19 vaccines.

The management of patients with immediate hypersensitivity reactions (IHSR) to COVID-19 vaccines and their components, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 2000 and polisorbate 80 (PS80), has evolved since the beginning of the vaccination campaign. Despite the end of the pandemics, ensuring safe access to COVID-19 vaccination remains critical, especially for individuals with underlying health conditions. In this retrospective study, we evaluated 333 patients who underwent a standardized allergy work-up, including skin testing (ST) with vaccine components, to assess their eligibility for COVID-19 vaccination.

Vaccine Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Celiac Disease.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder caused by gluten intake in genetically predisposed individuals. This article provides an overview of the available data on the risks of infectious diseases and the mechanisms involved in CD, including a detailed analysis of vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety. The published articles were retrieved from the PubMed database using the terms "celiac disease", "efficacy", "hyposplenism", "immune response", "infections", "immunization", "immunogenicity", "safety", "vaccination", and "vaccine".

EAACI/ENDA position paper on drug provocation testing.

In drug hypersensitivity, drug provocation testing (DPT), also called drug challenge, is the gold standard for investigation. In recent years, risk stratification has become an important tool for adjusting the diagnostic strategy to the perceived risk, whilst still maintaining a high level of safety for the patient. Skin tests are recommended before DPT but may be omitted in low-risk patients.

Hypersensitivity reactions to proton pump inhibitors. An EAACI position paper.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are invaluable therapeutic options in a variety of dyspeptic diseases. In addition to their well-known risk profile, PPI consumption is related to food and environmental allergies, dysbiosis, osteoporosis, as well as immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). The latter, although a rare event, around 1%-3%, due to the extraordinarily high rate of prescription and consumption of PPIs are related to a substantial risk.

A practical guide to address reactions to vaccines in children.

Currently available vaccines are safe, but, potentially, any vaccine can cause an allergic reaction and, albeit very rare, anaphylaxis can occur. Although its rarity, the precise diagnostic management of a suspected anaphylaxis postvaccination is of paramount importance due to the risk of a potentially serious reaction after re-exposure, while a misdiagnosis might lead to an increase in the number of children that interrupt vaccinations resulting in an unjustifiably individual and collective risk of loss of protection against immune preventable diseases. In the light that most cases of suspected allergy to a vaccine are not effectively confirmed in up to 85% of the cases referred for an allergy evaluation, patients can continue the vaccination schedule with the same formulation and tolerance of the booster doses.

Allergies and COVID-19 vaccines: An ENDA/EAACI Position paper.

Background: Anaphylaxis, which is rare, has been reported after COVID-19 vaccination, but its management is not standardized.

Method: Members of the European Network for Drug Allergy and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology interested in drug allergy participated in an online questionnaire on pre-vaccination screening and management of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, and literature was analysed.

Results: No death due to anaphylaxis to COVID-19 vaccines has been confirmed in scientific literature.

Dangerous liaisons: Bacteria, antimicrobial therapies, and allergic diseases.

Microbiota composition and associated metabolic activities are essential for the education and development of a healthy immune system. Microbial dysbiosis, caused by risk factors such as diet, birth mode, or early infant antimicrobial therapy, is associated with the inception of allergic diseases. In turn, allergic diseases increase the risk for irrational use of antimicrobial therapy.

Immunization practices and risk of anaphylaxis: a current update, comprehensive of COVID-19 vaccination data.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to provide an updated report in regards to the correlation between vaccines and anaphylaxis and the related risk in the population.

Recent Findings: Initial reports showed higher incidence of anaphylaxis following messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccines compared with 'routine' vaccinations, likely influenced by the great attention paid to these 'new' vaccines. However, anaphylaxis has still to be considered quite rare and its incidence will be systematically reconsidered in the light of additional data collected.

Safety of uSCIT-MPL-4: prevalence and risk factors of systemic reactions in real life.

We assessed the safety of allergoid adjuvanted by monophosphoryl lipid A (uSCIT-MPL-4) in a real-life setting. Patients treated with uSCIT-MPL-4 were followed-up for 1 year. Systemic reactions (SRs) were registered and the association with potential risk factors was evaluated.

Anxiety and Depression Effects During Drug Provocation Test.

Background: Drug provocation test (DPT) represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of drug allergy. A DPT can be performed in a single-blind placebo-controlled manner. In anxiety and depressive disorders, patients need to be evaluated to understand the nature of placebo reactions.