Neuroprotective Potential of Phytocompounds in the Treatment of Dementia: The State of Knowledge from the Scopolamine-Induced Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Dementia is a broad category of neurodegenerative pathologies characterized by a progressive decline in two or more cognitive domains, including memory, language, executive and visuospatial functions, personality, and behavior, resulting in the loss of the ability to perform instrumental and/or basic daily activities. One of the most common types of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Current approved treatments for Alzheimer's disease are mainly limited to alleviating cognitive, behavioral, and psychological deficits.

The effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine on cholinesterase activity in the brain and blood during Pirimiphos methyl poisoning in the course of treatment with atropine alone, and with atropine and obidoxime.

Introduction And Objective: The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) may help in the treatment of organophosphates poisoning, including Pirymiphos methyl (PM). However, there is no information on the effect of NAC on target cholinesterases during the core treatment with atropine and obidoxime after acute and chronic exposure to PM. The impact was investigated of NAC on the functional status of target cholinesterases in the brain and blood during treatment with atropine (ATR) and/or obidoxime (OBID) in PM-induced toxicity.

Influence of bee venom on antinociceptive activity of selected analgesic drugs in hot plate test in mice.

Introduction And Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of bee venom on the activity of two analgesics: ketoprofen (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and tramadol (an opioid drug) in the acute thermal pain model (hot-plate test) in mice.

Material And Methods: Linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the dose-response relationship between logarithms of drug doses and their resultant maximum possible anti-nociceptive effects in the mouse hot-plate test. Doses that increased the anti-nociceptive effect by 20% (ED values) for bee venom, ketoprofen and tramadol, and their combination were calculated from linear equations.

Enhancement of Glutamate Uptake as Novel Antiseizure Approach: Preclinical Proof of Concept.

Objective: Excitotoxicity is a common hallmark of epilepsy and other neurological diseases associated with elevated extracellular glutamate levels. Thus, here, we studied the protective effects of (R)-AS-1, a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of glutamate uptake in epilepsy models.

Methods: (R)-AS-1 was evaluated in a range of acute and chronic seizure models, while its adverse effect profile was assessed in a panel of standard tests in rodents.

The Influence of Topinambur and Inulin Preventive Supplementation on Microbiota, Anxious Behavior, Cognitive Functions and Neurogenesis in Mice Exposed to the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress.

Daily living and functioning under stress can lead to mental health problems such as anxiety or depression. Over the past decades, a number of studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between the central nervous system (CNS), intestinal flora and bidirectional communication along the gut brain axis (GBA) in the maintaining of homeostasis. One of the most important factors regulating GBA functioning in exposure to stress may be a proper diet enriched in the supplementation with pre-, pro-and synbiotics.

In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of Close Analogs of Compound KA-11, a New Antiseizure Drug Candidate.

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving a number of disease syndromes with a complex etiology. A properly matched antiseizure drug (ASD) gives remission in up to 70% of patients. Nevertheless, there is still a group of about 30% of patients suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy.

The Effect of a Diet Enriched with , Inulin, and Fluoxetine on Cognitive Functions, Neurogenesis, and the Composition of the Intestinal Microbiota in Mice.

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of long-term administration of natural prebiotics: (topinambur, TPB) and inulin (INU) as well as one of the most popular antidepressants, fluoxetine (FLU), on the proliferation of neural stem cells, learning and memory functions, and the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice. Cognitive functions were assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM)Test. Cells were counted using a confocal microscope and ImageJ software.

New Phenylglycinamide Derivatives with Hybrid Structure as Candidates for New Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants.

In the present study, a focused combinatorial chemistry approach was applied to merge structural fragments of well-known TRPV1 antagonists with a potent anticonvulsant lead compound, , that was previously discovered by our group. Consequently, a series of 22 original compounds has been designed, synthesized, and characterized in the in vivo and in vitro assays. The obtained compounds showed robust in vivo antiseizure activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) test and in the 6 Hz seizure model (using both 32 and 44 mA current intensities).

Influence of Umbelliferone on the Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Activity of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study.

Umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin; UMB) is a coumarin with many biological properties, including antiepileptic activity. This study evaluated the effect of UMB on the ability of classical and novel antiepileptic drugs (e.g.

Effect of Lacosamide and Ethosuximide Chronic Treatment on Neural Precursor Cells and Cognitive Functions after Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus in Mice.

Seizures in about 40% of patients with epilepsy fail to respond to anti-seizure medication (ASM) and may lead to uncontrolled and prolonged seizures often inducing status epilepticus (SE). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a long-term treatment with two different generation ASMs: ethosuximide (ETS, a classic ASM) and lacosamide (LCM, a 3rd generation ASM) on neural stem cells' (NSCs') proliferation and learning and memory functions after pilocarpine (PILO)-induced SE in mice. The following drugs were used: LCM (10 mg/kg), ETS (20 mg/kg), and PILO (300 mg/kg).

Xanthotoxin enhances the anticonvulsant potency of levetiracetam and valproate in the 6-Hz corneal stimulation model in mice.

Xanthotoxin (8-methoxypsoralen; XANT) is a furanocoumarin that has many biological properties, including antiepileptic activity. This study evaluated the effect of XANT on the ability of classical and novel antiepileptic drugs to prevent seizures evoked by the 6-Hz corneal stimulation-induced seizure model, which is thought to be an experimental model of psychomotor (limbic) seizures in humans. XANT (50 mg/kg, administered i.

Selected flavonoids and their role in the treatment of epilepsy - a review of the latest reports from experimental studies.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent seizures that affects about 70 million people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs are the most commonly used medications in the treatment of epilepsy. They help control seizures in about 60‑70% of people.

C-11, a New Antiepileptic Drug Candidate: Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties and Impact on the Protective Action of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs in the Mouse Maximal Electroshock-Induced Seizure Model.

C-11 is a hybrid compound derived from 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) propanamide, with a wide spectrum of anticonvulsant activity and low neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of C-11 on the protective action of various antiepileptic drugs (i.e.

Preclinical Assessment of a New Hybrid Compound C11 Efficacy on Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions after Pilocarpine Induced Status Epilepticus in Mice.

Status epilepticus (SE) is a frequent medical emergency that can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, including cognitive impairment and abnormal neurogenesis. The aim of the presented study was the evaluation of potential neuroprotective properties of a new pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives compound C11, as well as the assessment of the impact on the neurogenesis and cognitive functions of C11 and levetiracetam (LEV) after pilocarpine (PILO)-induced SE in mice. The results indicated a protective effect of C11 (500, 1000, and 2500 ng/mL) on astrocytes under trophic stress conditions in the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test.

Evaluation of the impact of compound C11 a new anticonvulsant candidate on cognitive functions and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse brain.

Searching for the new and effective anticonvulsants in our previous study we developed a new hybrid compound C-11 derived from 2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) propanamide. C11 revealed high efficacy in acute animal seizure models such as the maximal electroshock model (MES), the pentylenetetrazole model (PTZ) and the 6 Hz (6 Hz, 32 mA) seizure model, as well as in the kindling model of epilepsy induced by repeated injection of PTZ in mice. In the aim of further in vivo C11 characterization, in the current studies we evaluated its influence on cognitive functions, neurodegeneration and neurogenesis process in mice after chronical treatment.

N-Benzyl-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamide (AS-1) with Hybrid Structure as a Candidate for a Broad-Spectrum Antiepileptic Drug.

In our recent studies, we identified compound N-benzyl-2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamide (AS-1) as a broad-spectrum hybrid anticonvulsant which showed potent protection across the most important animal acute seizure models such as the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (s.c. PTZ) test, and the 6-Hz (32 mA) test in mice.

Coumarins as potential supportive medication for the treatment of epilepsy.

Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is a chronic disease of the brain manifested by seizures due to sudden, spontaneous bioelectrical discharges in nerve cells. An estimated 50 million people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Antiepileptic drugs are the mainstream treatment for epilepsy; however, the drug resistance occurring in 20-30% of patients and side effects of available medications have resulted in a search for natural remedies that can support disease therapy.

Topinambur - new possibilities for use in a supplementation diet.

Jerusalem artichoke () is a tuberous perennial plant of the Asteraceae family, which originates from North America, and is also known as wild sunflower or topinambur (TPB). It is characterized by good tolerance to frost, drought and poor soil, strong resistance to pests and plant diseases. For ages it was cultivated due to being both an edible tuber and having healing properties.

Levetiracetam combined with ACEA, highly selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist changes neurogenesis in mouse brain.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of second generation antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV) with arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA) on proliferating neural precursor cells in mouse brain. Additionally, we established the relationship between treatment with ACEA in combination with LEV and hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse brain. All experiments were performed on male CB57/BL mice injected i.

Transforming growth factor-β1 in plaque morphea.

Introduction: Morphea (localized scleroderma) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by skin fibrosis of unknown pathogenesis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent profibrotic factor. The role of TGF-β in morphea remains unclear.

Interleukin-17A and interleukin-23 in morphea.

Introduction: Morphea is a disease included in the group of scleroderma type autoimmune diseases. Interleukin (IL)-17A may play a role at every stage of its pathogenesis. The study aimed at evaluation of IL-17A and IL-23 (as the main cytokine which is supposed to stimulate and maintain synthesis of IL-17) in pathogenesis of morphea.

Treatment of genital lichen sclerosus in women--review.

Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that belongs to a group of autoimmune connective tissue diseases, localized within the skin and mucous membrane of the anogenital area. In the latter location, the focal atrophy of the mucosa is the most visible sign. Lesions may be accompanied by symptoms such as itching, pain, burning.