Cervical Dysplasia and Cervical Cancer During Pregnancy: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Management.

The incidence of malignancies diagnosed during pregnancy is estimated at 1 in 1000 pregnancies, with cervical cancer being the most common gynecological malignancy in this population. The increasing maternal age and widespread use of prenatal screening contribute to the rising detection rates. Early symptoms of cervical cancer, such as vaginal bleeding or discharge, often mimic normal pregnancy changes, leading to potential delays in diagnosis.

Transversal cardiac diameter is increased in fetuses with dextro-transposition of the great arteries older than 28th weeks of gestation.

Objectives: In majority of congenital heart defects the size of the fetal heart is normal (without cardiomegaly). Aim of this study was to establish normal ranges of fetal transversal cardiac diameter (4CV TW ED) and to compare fetal dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) with normal ranges for 4CV TW ED.

Methods: Retrospectively of 3,553 records we analyzed and included 1,154 healthy singleton fetuses as a control group.