Fluid flow drives phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial growth and adhesion on surfaces.

Bacteria often thrive in surface-attached communities, where they can form biofilms affording them multiple advantages. In this sessile form, fluid flow is a key component of their environments, renewing nutrients and transporting metabolic products and signaling molecules. It also controls colonization patterns and growth rates on surfaces, through bacteria transport, attachment and detachment.

The reactivity of neurotransmitters and their metabolites towards various nitrogen-centered radicals: Experimental, theoretical, and biotoxicity evaluation.

In the past few years, there has been a certain interest in nitrogen-centered radicals, biologically important radicals that play a vital role in various processes and constitute many important biological molecules. In this paper, there was an attempt to bridge a gap in the literature that concerns the antiradical potency of monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and their metabolites towards these radicals. The most probable radical quenching mechanism was determined for each radical out of three common mechanisms, namely Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT), Single Electron Transfer followed by the Proton Transfer (SET-PT), and Sequential Proton Loss Electron Transfer (SPLET).