Longitudinal Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiome and Acoustic Startle Response in Male and Female Rats.

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) frequently occur and can lead to lasting negative cognitive, physical, and mental health outcomes. The biological response to even mild TBIs (mTBI) includes well-characterized inflammatory sequelae that start immediately post-injury, remain for weeks, and can develop into long-term systemic inflammation. Studies have shown that TBI influences multiple physiological systems, including the gastrointestinal tract, through bidirectional communication modulated, in part, by the gut microbiome.

Development and Validation of the Parkinson's Disease Specific Anxiety Inventory (PDSAI).

BackgroundAnxiety is poorly recognized and inadequately treated in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD).ObjectiveThe present study aimed to develop and validate a new clinical screening and research outcome measure to identify triggers and manifestations of anxiety specific to PD, the Parkinson's disease Specific Anxiety Inventory (PDSAI).MethodData from PDSAI derived from 172 people with PD across Australia and the United States was used to assess the reliability and validity of the inventory.

Self-reported history of head injury is associated with cognitive impulsivity on a delay discounting task.

Background: Head injuries are a major health care concern that can produce many long lasting cognitive, mental, and physical problems. An emerging literature indicates increased impulsivity in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In a recent study, Veterans with clinically-assessed history of mild TBI had increased cognitive, but not motor, impulsivity.

Reward and Punishment Learning as Predictors of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Response in Parkinson's Disease Comorbid with Clinical Depression.

Depression is highly comorbid among individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD), who often experience unique challenges to accessing and benefitting from empirically supported interventions like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Given the role of reward processing in both depression and PD, this study analyzed a subset (N = 25) of participants who participated in a pilot telemedicine intervention of PD-informed CBT, and also completed a Reward- and Punishment-Learning Task (RPLT) at baseline. At the conclusion of CBT, participants were categorized into treatment responders (n = 14) and non-responders (n = 11).

Social Control and Health Behaviors Among Individuals Living with Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Study.

Background: Positive health behaviors (e.g., exercise, healthy eating habits, good sleep hygiene, treatment adherence) are important in ensuring optimal symptom management and health outcomes among individuals living with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Clinical significance of psychotic-like experiences across U.S. ethnoracial groups.

Background: Prevalence of (PLEs) - reports of hallucinations and delusional thinking not meeting criteria for psychotic disorder - varies substantially across ethnoracial groups. What explains this range of PLE prevalence? Despite extensive research, the clinical significance of PLEs remains unclear. Are PLE prevalence and clinical severity differentially associated across ethnoracial groups?

Methods: We examined the lifetime prevalence and clinical significance of PLEs across ethnoracial groups in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys ( = 11 139) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) psychosis symptom screener.

A practical introduction to using the drift diffusion model of decision-making in cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and health sciences.

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in the number of studies using evidence-accumulation models (such as the drift diffusion model, DDM) in the fields of psychology and neuroscience. These models go beyond observed behavior to extract descriptions of latent cognitive processes that have been linked to different brain substrates. Accordingly, it is important for psychology and neuroscience researchers to be able to understand published findings based on these models.

A Pilot Study of Telehealth Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by high-rates of depression with limited evidence-based treatment options to improve mood. To expand therapeutic options, we evaluated the feasibility and effect of a telehealth mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention adapted for PD (MBCT-PD) in a sample of participants with DSM-5 depressive disorders. Fifteen participants with PD and clinically-significant depression completed 9 sessions of MBCT-PD.

Criticism in the Parkinson's Caregiving Relationship: A Key Target for Intervention.

Introduction: Caregiver distress is prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD) and predictive of negative health outcomes for both people with PD and caregivers. To identify future intervention targets, it is important to better elucidate the specific processes, such as criticism, that perpetuate burden.

Objective: Evaluate the frequency and impact of criticism and reactivity to criticism in PD caregiving dyads.

Innovating Parkinson's Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemedicine Depression Treatment.

Background: For several decades, a myriad of factors have contributed to the inadequate diagnosis and management of depression in Parkinson's disease (PD), leaving up to 60% of significantly symptomatic patients untreated. Poor access to evidence-based neuropsychiatric care is one major barrier to achieving optimal Parkinson's outcomes.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of individual Parkinson's-informed, video-to-home cognitive-behavioral therapy (experimental group), to clinic-based treatment as usual (control group), for depression in PD.

Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To determine whether, for patients with depression and Parkinson disease (PD), telephone-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (T-CBT) alleviates depressive symptoms significantly more than treatment as usual (TAU), we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a 10-session T-CBT intervention for depression in PD, compared to TAU.

Methods: Seventy-two people with PD (PWP) were randomized to T-CBT + TAU or TAU only. T-CBT tailored to PWPs' unique needs was provided weekly for 3 months, then monthly during 6-month follow-up.