Unravelling cysteine-deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Around 40% of the US population and 1 in 6 individuals worldwide have obesity, with the incidence surging globally. Various dietary interventions, including carbohydrate, fat and, more recently, amino acid restriction, have been explored to combat this epidemic. Here we investigated the impact of removing individual amino acids on the weight profiles of mice.

SympGNNs: Symplectic Graph Neural Networks for identifying high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems and node classification.

Existing neural network models to learn Hamiltonian systems, such as SympNets, although accurate in low-dimensions, struggle to learn the correct dynamics for high-dimensional many-body systems. Herein, we introduce Symplectic Graph Neural Networks (SympGNNs) that can effectively handle system identification in high-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, as well as node classification. SympGNNs combine symplectic maps with permutation equivariance, a property of graph neural networks.

Unraveling cysteine deficiency-associated rapid weight loss.

Forty percent of the US population and 1 in 6 individuals worldwide are obese, and the incidence of this disease is surging globally. Various dietary interventions, including carbohydrate and fat restriction, and more recently amino acid restriction, have been explored to combat this epidemic. We sought to investigate the impact of removing individual amino acids on the weight profiles of mice.

Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation.

Background: Parasitic helminths influence the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the microbiomes of individuals living in helminth-endemic regions are understudied. The Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with high burdens of the helminth Trichuris trichiura, display microbiotas enriched in Clostridiales, an order of spore-forming obligate anaerobes with immunogenic properties.

TransformerG2G: Adaptive time-stepping for learning temporal graph embeddings using transformers.

Dynamic graph embedding has emerged as a very effective technique for addressing diverse temporal graph analytic tasks (i.e., link prediction, node classification, recommender systems, anomaly detection, and graph generation) in various applications.

Functional characterization of helminth-associated Clostridiales reveals covariates of Treg differentiation.

Parasitic helminths influence the composition of the gut microbiome. However, the microbiomes of individuals living in helminth-endemic regions are understudied. The Orang Asli, an indigenous population in Malaysia with high burdens of the helminth , displayed microbiotas enriched in Clostridiales, an order of spore-forming obligate anaerobes previously shown to have immunogenic properties.

Capturing multifractality of pressure fluctuations in thermoacoustic systems using fractional-order derivatives.

The stable operation of a turbulent combustor is not completely silent; instead, there is a background of small amplitude aperiodic acoustic fluctuations known as combustion noise. Pressure fluctuations during this state of combustion noise are multifractal due to the presence of multiple temporal scales that contribute to its dynamics. However, existing models are unable to capture the multifractality in the pressure fluctuations.

Multicellular String-Like Structure Formation by Typhimurium Depends on Cellulose Production: Roles of Diguanylate Cyclases, YedQ and YfiN.

Bacteria face diverse stresses in the environment and, sometimes, respond by forming multi-cellular structures, e.g., biofilms.

Bursting during intermittency route to thermoacoustic instability: Effects of slow-fast dynamics.

Intermittency observed prior to thermoacoustic instability is characterized by the occurrence of bursts of high-amplitude periodic oscillations (active state) amidst epochs of low-amplitude aperiodic fluctuations (rest state). Several model-based studies conjectured that bursting arises due to the underlying turbulence in the system. However, such intermittent bursts occur even in laminar and low-turbulence combustors, which cannot be explained by models based on turbulence.

Universality in spectral condensation.

Self-organization is the spontaneous formation of spatial, temporal, or spatiotemporal patterns in complex systems far from equilibrium. During such self-organization, energy distributed in a broadband of frequencies gets condensed into a dominant mode, analogous to a condensation phenomenon. We call this phenomenon spectral condensation and study its occurrence in fluid mechanical, optical and electronic systems.