Water sampling using modified Moore swab (MMS): the effects of sampling replicates and different media on the frequency and diversity of serovars.

is a significant foodborne pathogen frequently associated with produce contamination through irrigation with untreated surface water. This study investigated the effects of sampling replication and selective media on serovar recovery and diversity in surface waters across Paraíba State, Brazil. Water samples ( = 200) were collected from 10 reservoirs using modified Moore swabs (MMSs), with three replicates per sampling site, yielding 600 samples.

Predictors of Salmonella enterica contamination in agricultural and livestock-impacted natural watersheds.

Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), a ubiquitous zoonotic foodborne pathogen, remains a worldwide public health hazard and economic burden. In recent years, outbreaks associated with the consumption of plant-based foods probably contaminated by irrigation water highlights the importance of water sources.