Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of a Novel Virulent Strain of 2 Originating from an Outbreak in The Netherlands.

2 (CyHV-2) is the causative agent of herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis in several economically important farmed freshwater fish species of the genus . Despite several CyHV-2 strains being isolated and fully sequenced, there is a lack of detailed characterization and consistent information on strains that exhibit high virulence in adult goldfish through viral challenge by immersion, particularly in the context of European strains and host populations. Strains that can cause highly virulent disease via this inoculation route are much more compatible with experimental designs that are representative of natural infection; thus, their utilization provides greater biological relevance.

Development Using Bioluminescence Imaging of a Recombinant Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 Vaccine Candidate Associated with Normal Replication In Vitro but Abortive Infection In Vivo.

Background/objectives: Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) (recently renamed Cyvirus anguillidallo 1) is the etiologic agent of a lethal disease that affects several eel species. It is thought to be one of the main infectious agents causing a population decline in wild eels and economic loss within the eel aquaculture sector. To date, no vaccines are available against AngHV-1.

Unraveling clonal CD8 T cell expansion and identification of essential factors in γ-herpesvirus-induced lymphomagenesis.

Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) asymptomatically persists in its natural host, the wildebeest. However, cross-species transmission to cattle results in the induction of an acute and lethal peripheral T cell lymphoma-like disease (PTCL), named malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). Our previous findings demonstrated an essential role for viral genome maintenance in infected CD8 T lymphocytes but the exact mechanism(s) leading to lymphoproliferation and MCF remained unknown.

Correction: He et al. In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage. 2023, , 1746.

In the original publication [...

In Vivo Imaging Sheds Light on the Susceptibility and Permissivity of to Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 According to Developmental Stage.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is a virus that causes mass mortality in economically important spp. However, there have been no comprehensive studies into host susceptibility or permissivity with respect to developmental stage, and the major portal of viral entry into the host is still unclear. To help bridge these knowledge gaps, we developed the first ever recombinant strain of CyHV-2 expressing bioluminescent and fluorescent reporter genes.

Susceptibility and Permissivity of Zebrafish () Larvae to Cypriniviruses.

The zebrafish () represents an increasingly important model organism in virology. We evaluated its utility in the study of economically important viruses from the genus (anguillid herpesvirus 1, cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3)). This revealed that zebrafish larvae were not susceptible to these viruses after immersion in contaminated water, but that infections could be established using artificial infection models in vitro (zebrafish cell lines) and in vivo (microinjection of larvae).

Development of Nanobodies as Theranostic Agents against CMY-2-Like Class C β-Lactamases.

Three soluble single-domain fragments derived from the unique variable region of camelid heavy-chain antibodies (VHHs) against the CMY-2 β-lactamase behaved as inhibitors. The structure of the complex VHH cAb(254)/CMY-2 showed that the epitope is close to the active site and that the CDR3 of the VHH protrudes into the catalytic site. The β-lactamase inhibition pattern followed a mixed profile with a predominant noncompetitive component.

Wildebeest-Derived Malignant Catarrhal Fever: A Bovine Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma Caused by Cross-Species Transmission of .

Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) include viruses that can induce lymphoproliferative diseases and tumors. These viruses can persist in the long term in the absence of any pathological manifestation in their natural host. (AlHV-1) belongs to the genus and asymptomatically infects its natural host, the wildebeest ( spp.

Virus-induced interference as a means for accelerating fitness-based selection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 single-nucleotide variants and .

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetype of fish alloherpesviruses and is advantageous to research because, unlike many herpesviruses, it can be studied in the laboratory by infection of the natural host (common and koi carp). Previous studies have reported a negative correlation among CyHV-3 strains between viral growth (in cell culture) and virulence (in fish). This suggests the existence of genovariants conferring enhanced fitness but reduced fitness and .

A Vaccine Targeting Ovine Herpesvirus 2 Glycoprotein B Protects against Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever.

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a complex and often fatal disease of ungulates. Effective vaccines are needed to avoid MCF outbreaks and mitigate losses. This study aimed to evaluate a sheep-associated MCF (SA-MCF) vaccine candidate targeting ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) glycoprotein B (gB).

A fish herpesvirus highlights functional diversities among Zα domains related to phase separation induction and A-to-Z conversion.

Zalpha (Zα) domains bind to left-handed Z-DNA and Z-RNA. The Zα domain protein family includes cellular (ADAR1, ZBP1 and PKZ) and viral (vaccinia virus E3 and cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) ORF112) proteins. We studied CyHV-3 ORF112, which contains an intrinsically disordered region and a Zα domain.

A complete check-up of European eel after eight years of restocking in an upland river: Trends in growth, lipid content, sex ratio and health status.

By combining field research and careful laboratory analysis of samples over the course of an eight-year study, we met the challenge of assessing the life history traits and health status of eels restocked in freshwater ecosystems. We found that restocked eels exhibited good growth performance; moreover, the stocks were female-dominated, showed a good Fulton's condition factor (K) and lipid stores and had high survival probability estimated using the best model of Jolly-Seber stock assessment method for open populations. A necropsy revealed the absence of internal lesions.

Development of a Specific Anti-capsid Antibody- and Magnetic Bead-Based Immunoassay to Detect Human Norovirus Particles in Stool Samples and Spiked Mussels via Flow Cytometry.

Human noroviruses impose a considerable health burden globally. Here, a flow cytometry approach designed for their detection in biological waste and food samples was developed using antibody-coated magnetic beads. Antipeptide antibodies against murine norovirus and various human norovirus genotypes were generated for capture and coated onto magnetic beads.

Genomes of Anguillid Herpesvirus 1 Strains Reveal Evolutionary Disparities and Low Genetic Diversity in the Genus .

Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) is a pathogen of eels and a member of the genus in the family . We have compared the biological and genomic features of different AngHV-1 strains, focusing on their growth kinetics in vitro and genetic content, diversity, and recombination. Comparisons based on three core genes conserved among alloherpesviruses revealed that AngHV-1 exhibits a slower rate of change and less positive selection than other cypriniviruses.

Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptides (PAMPs) Are Agonists of the Chemokine Scavenger Receptor ACKR3/CXCR7.

Adrenomedullin (ADM) and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) are two peptides with vasodilative, bronchodilative, and angiogenic properties, originating from a common precursor, proADM. Previous studies proposed that the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 might act as a low-affinity scavenger for ADM, regulating its availability for its cognate receptor calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) in complex with a receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP). In this study, we compared the activation of ACKR3 by ADM and PAMP, as well as other related members of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family.

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 genes A7 and A8 regulate viral spread and are essential for malignant catarrhal fever.

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) is a gammaherpesvirus that is carried asymptomatically by wildebeest. Upon cross-species transmission to other ruminants, including domestic cattle, AlHV-1 induces malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), which is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease resulting from proliferation and uncontrolled activation of latently infected CD8+ T cells. Two laboratory strains of AlHV-1 are used commonly in research: C500, which is pathogenic, and WC11, which has been attenuated by long-term maintenance in cell culture.

Current knowledge and future prospects of vaccines against cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3).

Aquaculture is one of the world's most important and fastest growing food production sectors, with an average annual growth of 5.8% during the period 2001-2016. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the main aquatic species produced for human consumption and is the world's third most produced finfish.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of eprociclovir as antiviral treatment against testudinid herpesvirus 3 in Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni).

Tortoises belonging to the Testudinidae family are infected by Testudinid herpesviruses. Testudinid herpesvirus 3 (TeHV-3) is considered the most pathogenic and affects several tortoise species, particularly those from the Testudo genus. As most species of this genus are endangered contribute to ecological concerns over this virus.

Helminth-induced IL-4 expands bystander memory CD8 T cells for early control of viral infection.

Infection with parasitic helminths can imprint the immune system to modulate bystander inflammatory processes. Bystander or virtual memory CD8 T cells (T) are non-conventional T cells displaying memory properties that can be generated through responsiveness to interleukin (IL)-4. However, it is not clear if helminth-induced type 2 immunity functionally affects the T compartment.

Author Correction: A gammaherpesvirus provides protection against allergic asthma by inducing the replacement of resident alveolar macrophages with regulatory monocytes.

In the version of this article initially published, the accession code for the RNA-seq data set deposited in the NCBI public repository Sequence Read Archive was missing from the 'Data availability' subsection of the Methods section. The accession code is SRP125477.

Genomic and biologic comparisons of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 strains.

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) is the archetypal fish alloherpesvirus and the etiologic agent of a lethal disease in common and koi carp. To date, the genome sequences of only four CyHV-3 isolates have been published, but no comparisons of the biologic properties of these strains have been reported. We have sequenced the genomes of a further seven strains from various geographical sources, and have compared their growth in vitro and virulence in vivo.

Macavirus latency-associated protein evades immune detection through regulation of protein synthesis in cis depending upon its glycin/glutamate-rich domain.

Alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) is a γ-herpesvirus (γ-HV) belonging to the macavirus genus that persistently infects its natural host, the wildebeest, without inducing any clinical sign. However, cross-transmission to other ruminant species causes a deadly lymphoproliferative disease named malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). AlHV-1 ORF73 encodes the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)-homolog protein (aLANA).

A gammaherpesvirus provides protection against allergic asthma by inducing the replacement of resident alveolar macrophages with regulatory monocytes.

The hygiene hypothesis postulates that the recent increase in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever observed in Western countries is linked to reduced exposure to childhood infections. Here we investigated how infection with a gammaherpesvirus affected the subsequent development of allergic asthma. We found that murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV-4) inhibited the development of house dust mite (HDM)-induced experimental asthma by modulating lung innate immune cells.