Optimizing MXene graphene based fluids for solar energy conversion and storage using a novel intelligent framework.

The thermophysical properties of novel Graphene/MXene-based fluids have great potential for enhancing the efficiency of solar energy systems. However, optimizing these properties remains challenging due to the complex interactions between nanomaterial composition and system conditions. This study presents a new hybrid framework that combines response surface methodology (RSM), heuristic and metaheuristic optimization, and advanced decision-making techniques to enhance the thermal conductivity (TC) and dynamic viscosity (DV) of these fluids.