Lumazine Synthase Nanoparticles as a Versatile Platform for Multivalent Antigen Presentation and Cross-Protective Coronavirus Vaccines.

Lumazine synthase (LS), a bacterial protein that self-assembles into 60-mer icosahedral virus-like nanoparticles, has emerged as a promising platform for nanoparticle-based drug delivery and vaccine design. However, detailed biophysical characterization of the LS nanoparticle vaccine has not been well-studied. In this study, we generated LS nanoparticles fused with domain B of protein A (pA-LS), enabling their binding to the hFc-tagged S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein harboring two critical mutations (E484K and D614G) associated with increased infectivity and antibody escape.

B Cell Activating Factor Induces Drug Resistance in Hairy Cell Leukemia Variant.

Chemoresistance is an existing challenge faced in the treatment of the hairy cell leukemia variant (HCL-v). Classical hairy cell leukemia (HCL-c) is very sensitive to the standard of care with purine nucleoside analogs (PNAs) cladribine (cDa) and pentostatin. However, almost half of these patients eventually become less sensitive to chemotherapy and relapse.

Cell therapy for a rare disease- hairy cell leukemia variant.

Hairy cell leukemia variant (HCL-v) is a rare malignancy of clonal mature B-cells that follows a chronic disease course. HCL-v patients are often resistant to purine nucleoside analogs, which are the first-line therapy. To address the shortcomings of current therapy for HCL-v, we investigated the activity of a BAFF ligand-based CAR-T cell which binds to all three BAFF receptors, BAFF-receptor, TACI, and BCMA.

Harnessing the power of mollusc lectins as immuno-protective biomolecules.

The rapid advancement of molecular research on macromolecules has contributed to the discovery of 'Lectin', a carbohydrate-binding protein which specifically interacts with receptors on the surface of glycans and regulates various cellular activities thereby stimulating immunological functions. Considering the wide variety of sources and immunological significance, research has led to the discovery of lectins in invertebrate molluscs. Such lectins in molluscs mediate active immune response as they lack adaptive immunity.

Innate Immune Response Assessment in L. upon Experimental Administration with Bio-Encapsulated Bacterin.

The present study aimed to analyze the enhancement of innate immune responses in juvenile-stage common carp ( L.), upon the administration of heat-killed at a dosage of 1 × 10 CFU ml through bio-encapsulation in the aquatic crustacean, . This work emphasizes the modulation of innate immune response when administered with the bio-encapsulated heat-killed antigen that acts as an inactivated vaccine against Motile Aeromonas Septicemia disease.

Back2Basics: animal lectins: an insight into a highly versatile recognition protein.

The rapid advancement of molecular research has contributed to the discovery of 'Lectin', a carbohydrate-binding protein which specifically interacts with receptors on surface glycan moieties that regulate various critical cellular activities. The first animal lectin reported was 'the asialoglycoprotein receptor' in mammalian cells which helped analyze how animal lectins differ in glycoconjugate binding. Animal lectins are classified into several families, depending on their diverse cellular localization, and the binding specificities of their Carbohydrate-Recognition Domain (CRD) modules.

Oral vaccination for sustainable disease prevention in aquaculture-an encapsulation approach.

The prevalence of infectious diseases in the aquaculture industry and a limited number of safe and effective oral vaccines has imposed a challenge not only for fish immunity but also a threat to human health. The availability of fish oral vaccines has expanded recently, but little is known about how well they work and how they affect the immune system. The unsatisfactory efficacy of existing oral vaccinations is partly attributable to the antigen degradation in the adverse gastrointestinal environment of fishes, the highly tolerogenic gut environment, and inferior vaccine formulation.