Increased granulovacuolar degeneration in the thalamus and higher neurofibrillary tangle Braak stages in bipolar disorder.

Aim: Recent neuropathological studies suggest that the accumulation of neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins in subcortical structures may contribute to mood symptoms. Animal models have highlighted the role of the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) in bipolar disorder (BD) pathophysiology. However, neuropathological investigations in the thalamus in BD remain limited.

Mosaic variants of neurodevelopmental and mitochondrial genes in postmortem paraventricular thalamus in bipolar disorder detected by deep exome sequencing.

Aim: The genetic architecture of bipolar disorder (BD) remains incompletely understood despite extensive genomic studies. Postzygotic mosaic variants have emerged as promising contributors to BD; however, the landscape of such variants in the BD brain has yet to be elucidated.

Methods: We analyzed mosaic variants in the paraventricular thalamic region (PVR) from 18 Japanese BD cases and 11 controls using deep whole-exome sequencing.

Clinical neuropathology of early-stage Pick's disease initially diagnosed as depressive disorder: A case report and case series comparison.

Background: Pick's disease (PiD) is a subtype of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. However, the pathogenesis and symptomatic lesions remain unclear. We report a case of PiD with a short disease duration and compare it to a case series to reveal the association between degenerative patterns and clinical manifestations.

Oxygen saturation targets in pediatric respiratory disease.

Background: The present study aimed to assess the appropriate oxygen saturation target in patients with pediatric respiratory diseases by lowering the oxygen saturation target from SpO 94% to 90%. No previous study has explored appropriate oxygen saturation targets in respiratory diseases other than bronchiolitis.

Methods: The present, prospective, single-arm intervention trial enrolled pediatric inpatients with bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma.

Bradycardia Associated with Prednisolone in Children with Severe Kawasaki Disease.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of bradycardia associated with use of prednisolone in patients with Kawasaki disease and analyze the association between bradycardia and responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Study Design: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 176 patients with severe Kawasaki disease admitted to the Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center between March 2010 and December 2015. The group treated with IVIG plus prednisolone therapy from February 2012 was compared with the control group who received IVIG monotherapy before this date.