Ocular Adverse Events With Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Semaglutide is a widely used treatment for diabetes and obesity, offering considerable cardiovascular benefit. However, its association with ocular adverse events remains uncertain.

Objective: To assess the incidence of eye disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in adults treated with semaglutide.

Nature-based interventions for individual, collective and planetary wellbeing: A protocol for a scoping review.

Nature-based interventions (NBIs) provide an opportunity to enhance individual wellbeing, improve community cohesion, and promote a culture of care for the environment. Several scoping reviews have attempted to catalogue the positive effects of NBIs on wellbeing, yet, these have typically focused on outcomes relating to individual wellbeing, thus restricting the assessment of the possible benefits of NBIs. Here we present a protocol for a scoping review that will synthesise the evidence relating to the impact of NBIs across a much broader range of domains with a focus on self (individual wellbeing), others (collective wellbeing) and nature (planetary wellbeing).

Connecting knowledge and practice: specialization course in dentistry in public health at Brazilian unified health system - a journey of transformative integration.

Objective: To understand the teaching-learning process from the perspective of professors, students, preceptors, managers, and the community through an internship of a specialization course in dentistry in public health, based on the educational strategy of teaching-service-management-community integration within the Unified Health System (SUS).

Methodology: A Case Study was carried out with a descriptive and exploratory approach, originating from a pedagogical activity that took place in the territories served by Primary Health Care Services in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants included professors and students from a specialization course in dentistry in public health with training in the SUS, preceptors, managers, and residents from communities where internship activities occurred, thus encompassing all aspects of the teaching-service-management-community integration.

The ecotoxicological effects of diclofenac and gentamicin on Mytilus galloprovincialis: What does in vivo reveal that in vitro fails to show?

This study investigated the toxicological effects of diclofenac (DIC) and gentamicin (GEN) on the gills (G) and digestive gland (DG) of Mytilus galloprovincialis through in vitro and in vivo assays. Biochemical markers related to oxidative stress, metabolic capacity, and neurotoxicity were evaluated at the end of each assay. For both assays, principal coordinates analysis (PCO) highlighted distinct biochemical profiles between G and DG, mostly related to higher basal values for several biomarkers in DG.

Effects of hepatitis C virus genotypes and viral load on glucose and lipid metabolism after sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals.

Objective: The objective of this study, carried out at the university hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande, was to assess whether the treatment of chronic hepatitis C with direct-acting antivirals and the sustained virological response will affect the metabolic influences of the hepatitis C virus and whether these effects will vary according to genotypes and virus load.

Methods: This is an intervention pre-post study, carried out from March 2018 to December 2019, evaluating 273 hepatitis C virus patients treated with direct-acting antivirals. Inclusion criteria included being monoinfected with hepatitis C virus and achieving sustained virological response .

Impact of hepatitis C virus eradication with direct-acting antivirals on glycidic metabolism.

Objective: To compare the glucose metabolism of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in pretreatment and sustained viral response (SVR) periods.

Materials And Methods: This was an intervention pre-post study of 273 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with DAAs from March 2018 to December 2019. Glycidic metabolism was evaluated through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) - insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA-β indices and assessments of insulinemia and HbA1c levels.

Photodynamic therapy associated final irrigation in root canals of the primary teeth.

The aim of this study was to analyze, in vitro, the reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in root canals of primary teeth after final irrigation and photodynamic therapy (PDT) use. Twenty primary molars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. The teeth were randomly distributed into four groups according to the irrigation solutions and PDT use: G1 (Saline solution and no PDT use), G2 (17 % EDTA and no PDT use), G3 (Saline solution and PDT use) and G4 (17 % EDTA and PDT use).

Assessment Between Dental Caries Index and Body Mass Index among Adults.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMF index) and body mass index (BMI).

Materials And Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study developed in 2015 at a primary health care (PHC) unit in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants completed a form including sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, nutritional, general health and oral health data.

Sex differences in the gastrointestinal tract of rats and the implications for oral drug delivery.

Pre-clinical research often uses rodents as animal models to guide the selection of appropriate oral drug and dose selection in humans. However, traditionally, such research fails to consider the gastrointestinal differences between the sexes of rats and the impact on oral drug delivery. This study aimed to identify and characterise the potential sex-related differences in the gastrointestinal environment of sacrificed male and female Wistar rats.

Excipient-mediated alteration in drug bioavailability in the rat depends on the sex of the animal.

The pharmaceutical excipient, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), unexpectedly alters the bioavailability of the BCS class III drug ranitidine in a sex-dependent manner. As ranitidine is a substrate for the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp), we hypothesized that the sex-related influence could be due to interactions between PEG 400 and P-gp. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by: i) measuring the influence of PEG 400 on the oral bioavailability of another P-gp substrate (ampicillin) and of a non-P-gp substrate (metformin); and ii) measuring the effect of PEG 400 on drug bioavailability in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor (cyclosporine A) in male and female rats.

Sex differences in excipient effects: Enhancement in ranitidine bioavailability in the presence of polyethylene glycol in male, but not female, rats.

Males and females respond differently to drugs: indeed, sex plays a crucial role in determining drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Excipients have also been shown to enhance the biovailability of drugs differently in men and women. The aim of this work was to investigate whether rodents are a good model in which to study sex-specific effects of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) on the bioavailability of ranitidine.

Gastrointestinal characterisation and drug solubility determination in animals.

Objectives: To characterise the gastrointestinal (GI) environment in rat, rabbit and pig for the purpose of determining their utility as animal models for drug delivery in humans.

Methods: GI fluid samples were characterised for osmolality, surface tension, pH and buffer capacity. The solubility of two model drugs, mesalazine (ionisable) and prednisolone (unionisable), were also measured and the results were correlated to the physicochemical fluid data.

Influence of ageing on the gastrointestinal environment of the rat and its implications for drug delivery.

Age-mediated changes in gut physiology are considerations central to the elucidation of drug performance from oral formulations. Using rats of different age groups we measured the pH, buffer capacity, fluid volume, osmolality, and surface tension of gastrointestinal (GI) fluids, and therein explored the impact of these variables on prednisolone and mesalazine solubility in luminal fluids. We also studied the distribution of gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and mucus layer thickness across the GI tract in rats of different age groups.

Impact on hospital mortality and morbidity of right ventricular involvement among patients with acute left ventricular infarction.

Context And Objective: There is uncertainty regarding the risk of major complications in patients with left ventricular (LV) infarction complicated by right ventricular (RV) involvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on hospital mortality and morbidity of right ventricular involvement among patients with acute left ventricular myocardial infarction.

Design And Setting: Prospective cohort study, at Emergency Care Unit of Hospital Central da Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo.

Comparative study of smokers, ex-smokers, and nonsmokers who have experienced myocardial infarction.

Objective: To assess the impact of smoking on in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients who have experienced acute myocardial infarction and to assess the association between smoking and other cardiovascular risk factors and clinical data.

Methods: A prospective cohort study analyzed 121 patients, including 54 smokers, 35 ex-smokers, and 32 nonsmokers.

Results: Using the chi-square test (P<0.

[Accidental hypothermia cases in a tropical country].

Objective: This paper has by objective to study the hypothermia's presence, presentation form and consequences in our environment.

Methods: A prospective study in hypothermic patients assisted in the Medical Clinic Emergency Service of Santa Casa of S o Paulo, with 212 patients with mild, moderate and serious hypothermia from 1987 to 2001, the most part of them constituted by chronic alcoholics and homeless. The results were analyzed in reference to sex, age group, central temperature, electrocardiogram, co-morbidity and mortality.