Metabolic associations of human placental lactogen in pregnancies at high metabolic risk: An observational cohort study.

Introduction: Human placental lactogen (hPL) is a placental hormone which, according to preclinical research, appears to have key metabolic roles in pregnancy. We aimed to examine pregnancy hPL levels in relation to maternal metabolic parameters and fetal outcomes within an ethnically diverse cohort at high metabolic risk. Design was an observational cohort study, nested within a randomized controlled trial.

Barriers to and enablers of type 2 diabetes screening among Indian and Chinese women with prior gestational diabetes: A qualitative study applying the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Problem: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Background: In Australia, GDM and T2D prevalence are particularly high among Indian and Chinese women. Attendance for recommended postpartum T2D screening is low.

Barriers to and enablers of type 2 diabetes screening among women with prior gestational diabetes: A qualitative study applying the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Introduction: Women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Guidelines recommend postnatal diabetes screening (oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c) typically 6-12 weeks after birth, with screening maintained at regular intervals thereafter. Despite this, around half of women are not screened, representing a critical missed opportunity for early identification of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.

Endocrine and metabolic interactions in healthy pregnancies and hyperinsulinemic pregnancies affected by polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes and obesity.

During pregnancy, the fetoplacental unit is key in the pronounced physiological endocrine changes which support pregnancy, fetal development and survival, birth and lactation. In healthy women, pregnancy is characterized by changes in insulin sensitivity and increased maternal androgen levels. These are accompanied by a suite of mechanisms that support fetal growth, maintain glucose homeostasis and protect both mother and fetus from adverse effects of pregnancy induced insulin and androgen excess.

Barriers to and enablers of postpartum health behaviours among women from diverse cultural backgrounds with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review and qualitative synthesis applying the theoretical domains framework.

Aims: Racial and ethnic disparities exist in gestational diabetes prevalence and risk of subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Postpartum engagement in healthy behaviours is recommended for prevention and early detection of T2DM, yet uptake is low among women from diverse cultural backgrounds. Greater understanding of factors impacting postpartum health behaviours is needed.

Barriers to and enablers of type 2 diabetes screening among women with prior gestational diabetes: A systematic review update and qualitative synthesis applying the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Aims: Women with prior gestational diabetes have nearly 10 times the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes is recommended for early diagnosis and management, yet uptake is low. This work updates a previous systematic review and advances it through the application of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to synthesise personal-level factors impacting type 2 diabetes screening and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour model (COM-B), to develop messaging recommendations for use in clinical practice and screening promotion interventions.

Differences in Origin and Outcome of Intra-Abdominal Cysts in Male and Female Fetuses.

Objective: To investigate the origin and outcome in a cohort of male and female fetuses with intra-abdominal cysts, in order to provide recommendations on management and to improve prenatal counselling.

Methods: From 2002 to 2016, intra-abdominal cysts were detected by ultrasound in 158 fetuses. Cases with an umbilical vein varix were excluded.

A Summary on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Diagnostic Criteria, Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Management According to the Latest International Guidelines.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological sequelae. The Rotterdam Criteria are now internationally accepted, with different phenotypes recognized with varying clinical presentations and risk profiles. The complexity of the disorder, and the impact on quality of life, requires timely diagnosis, screening for complications and management strategies.