Metal-on-metal arthroplasty, cobalt toxicity, and development of cognitive impairment: a systematic review.

Background: Neurological dysfunction secondary to cobalt toxicity has been described as a potential complication of metal on metal (MoM) arthroplasty, however, to date the full extent of this association remains unclear. Currently, no national guideline on the management or follow-up of MoM arthroplasty patients recommends monitoring for potential insidious cognitive decline or long term consequences. The aim of this study was to summarise the available evidence regarding the relationship between MoM arthroplasty associated cobalt toxicity and cognitive impairment (CI).

The Effect of COVID-19 National Lockdown on the Time from Presentation to Surgery of Patients with Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome: Two UK Tertiary Centers' Study.

Objective: To investigate if COVID-19 UK lockdown measures resulted in a delay in the presentation and treatment of patients with cauda equina syndrome (CES).

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective study of patients with surgically treated CES across 3 time periods: April-May 2020 (first lockdown), August-September 2020 (no-lockdown group), and January-February 2021 (second lockdown). Data regarding duration of symptoms, time from referral to admission, time from admission to surgery, and postoperative outcomes were collected.

A survey of teaching undergraduate neuroanatomy in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

Background: Medical students' perception of neuroanatomy as a challenging topic has implications for referrals and interaction with specialists in the clinical neurosciences. Given plans to introduce a standardised Medical Licensing Assessment by 2023, it is important to understand the current framework of neuroanatomy education. This study aims to describe how neuroanatomy is taught and assessed in the UK and Ireland.

Nocebo effect in myasthenia gravis: systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials.

Nocebo refers to the adverse events (AEs) experienced when taking a placebo drug and is believed to be a centrally mediated process. We sought to examine the AEs following placebo administration in Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) for Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients. A systematic literature search was performed on Medline and Web of Science for RCTs for MG pharmacological treatments.

Surgical management and long-term outcome of intracranial subependymoma.

Background: Intracranial subependymomas account for 0.2-0.7% of central nervous system tumours and are classified as World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 tumours.

Central and peripheral processes in headache.

Purpose Of Review: Migraine is an extremely incapacitating collection of neurological symptoms that usually includes a severe, throbbing, recurring pain on one side of the head. The World Health Organization ranks migraine as the third most prevalent disease and the seventh commonest primary pain condition in the world. Trigeminovascular-mediated central sensitization has been implicated in the development of migraine symptoms including pain following light touch.