MHC Class II Sharing Appears to Promote Intestinal Allograft Tolerance Through Linked Suppression in a Large Animal Model.

Background: The relative importance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II matching for the induction of transplantation tolerance remains unclear. We studied selective mismatches in a clinically relevant model of intestinal transplantation (ITx) in swine with defined MHC genotypes.

Methods: We performed orthotopic ITx between MHC haplotype-matched (n = 6), partially matched (having class II alleles with marked overlap, n = 2), and fully mismatched (n = 4) pairs.

Pathophysiological Responses of Oral Keratinocytes After Exposure to Flavored E-Cigarette Liquids.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) have grown in popularity, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Flavored ECIG-liquids (E-liquids) are aerosolized by these ECIGs and inhaled into the respiratory system. Several studies have shown detrimental effects of E-liquids in airway tissues, revealing that flavoring agents may be the most irritating component.

Scoping Review of Ethical Discourse in Global Cleft Surgery Literature.

Background: The ethical discourse regarding the delivery of global surgical care has increased in the 21 st century. The aims of this manuscript are to explore the differences in ethical domains in the global cleft surgical literature discussed by authors from high-income countries versus lower-middle-income countries and to elucidate changes in ethical discussions over the last decade.

Methods: A thematic coding analysis was completed using NVivo 12 qualitative data analysis software.

Internationalization of Medical Education - Motivations and Formats of Current Practices.

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the importance for medical professionals to engage in work transcending national borders and to deeply understand perspectives of health in other countries. Internationalization of medical education can play a key role to that end, by preparing culturally competent and globally conscious medical healthcare professionals.The aim of this scoping review is to identify current practices and formats in internationalization in medical education, which to date has received sparse academic attention.

Update on immunosuppressive strategies in intestinal transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: The intestine is the most immunologically complex solid organ allograft with the greatest risk of both rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). High levels of immunosuppression are required, further increasing morbidity. Due to low volume of transplants and few centers with experience, there is paucity of evidence-based, standardized, and effective therapeutic regimens.