Indiacran: An Inter-Center Assessment of Dental Arch Relationship for Patients with Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

To conduct an intercenter outcome assessment of maxillomandibular relationships for patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate between the ages of 8 and 14 using the GOSLON Yardstick index. Retrospective cohort study. Ten Comprehensive Cleft Care Centers across India.

Self-Reported Food Triggers and Food Fears Impact Nutrient Intake and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Dyspepsia.

Background/aims: Self-reported food triggers are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD), often leading to dietary restrictions which can be exacerbated by "fear of food." This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of self-reported food triggers and food-related fears in IBS and FD patients and assess their impact on nutrient intake and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods: Patients meeting Rome IV criteria for IBS or FD, along with healthy controls (HCs), were enrolled.

Indiacran: An Inter-Center Study of Nasolabial Esthetics Outcomes in Patients With Repaired Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the nasolabial aesthetic outcomes in patients aged 8 to 14 with nonsyndromic, repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.DesignRetrospective study.SettingTen Comprehensive Cleft Care Centers (Smile Train) across India.

Four-month clofazimine regimen for susceptible pulmonary TB: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Clofazimine, an antimycobacterial agent, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing the treatment duration for MDR TB.

Objectives: To determine whether a 16 week clofazimine-based regimen is non-inferior to the standard 24 week regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB.

Methods: CORTAIL was a multicentric, investigator-initiated, randomized controlled trial designed to assess the non-inferiority of a 16 week clofazimine-based regimen compared with the standard 24 week regimen for drug-susceptible pulmonary TB (Clinical Trials Registry of India no.

Basivertebral Nerve Ablation in a Patient With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report.

Background: Lower back pain is a symptom of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), stemming from arthritic changes within the sacroiliac joints, lumbar facet joints, and between the vertebral bodies. Most commonly, interventional techniques targeting the sacroiliac or facet joints have been used to mitigate AS-related pain.

Case Report: In this case report, we describe a patient with AS and axial lower back pain who experienced insufficient and temporary relief with these first-line procedures.

Advancements in Stem Cell Research for Effective Therapies Against Alzheimer's Disease: Current Investigation and Future Insight.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting approximately 50 million individuals globally with significant impose in health and financial burdens. Despite extensive research, no current treatment effectively halts the progression of AD, primarily due to its complex pathophysiology of the disease and the limitations of available therapeutic approaches. In this context, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment strategy, harnessing the regenerative capabilities of various stem cell types, including neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Dual-Functional Antibiotic Adjuvant Displays Potency against Complicated Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections and Exhibits Immunomodulatory Properties.

The treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections is challenged by antibiotic resistance and complicated forms of infection like persistence, multispecies biofilms, intracellular infection, as well as infection-associated hyperinflammation and sepsis. To overcome these challenges, a dual-functional antibiotic adjuvant has been developed as a novel strategy to target complicated forms of bacterial infection and exhibit immunomodulatory properties. The lead adjuvant, D-LBDiphe showed multimodal mechanisms of action like weak outer membrane permeabilization, weak membrane depolarization, and inhibition of efflux machinery, guided primarily by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, along with weak van der Waals forces.

Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS)-Guided Lumen-Apposing Metal Stents (LAMS) as a Primary Treatment for Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis.

Pancreatic necrosis, a severe complication of acute pancreatitis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The use of lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) as a primary treatment offers a less invasive approach that may improve patient outcomes. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided LAMS for treating walled-off pancreatic necrosis.

Linear Antimicrobial Peptide, Containing a Diindolyl Methane Unnatural Amino Acid, Potentiates Gentamicin Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The headway for the management of emerging resistant microbial strains has become a demanding task. Over the years, antimicrobial peptides (AMP), have been recognized and explored for their highly systematized SAR and antibacterial properties. With this background, we have reported a new class of AMPs.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Extraintestinal Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a debilitating disorder that can manifest in many ways and affect multiple organ systems outside the gastrointestinal tract. Extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) are common in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and include dermatologic, musculoskeletal, ophthalmologic, and hepatobiliary systems. This study reviews details the most common EIMs of IBD, including their presentation, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment considerations.

Mechanically Powered Negative Pressure Dressing Enhances Surgical Incision Cosmesis: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Cosmetic appearance of incisions remains one of the most important aspects of the patient recovery experience. Despite advances in surgery, scar prevention is the gold standard in improved results. Closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy has shown promise in decreasing surgical site infection and healing time.

Clinical, Demographic, and Socioeconomic Profile of Cleft Lip and Palate in Eastern India.

Aim: To determine the clinical, demographic, and socioeconomic profile of individuals with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) at a high-volume center using data collected over 5 months in 2024.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cohort observational case series was conducted within the cleft center departments of Orthodontics and Plastic Surgery at Santosh Dental College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The study examined age, sex, family history of clefts, socioeconomic status, and cleft types across various regions.

Mechanically powered negative pressure dressing reduces surgical site infection after stoma reversal.

Background: The use of closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy (ci-NPWT) has been shown to reduce postoperative wound complications and surgical site infections (SSI) after stoma closures. However, use of this approach has not been widely adopted due to high cost of the devices. We present a novel approach to stoma closure in which a self-contained mechanically powered negative pressure dressing (MP-NPD) is applied to primarily closed stoma reversal wounds.

When Ascites Hides More: A Diagnostic Dilemma in an Unusual Presentation.

Eosinophilic ascites, a rare manifestation of eosinophilic gastroenteritis, is characterized by eosinophilic infiltration in the gastrointestinal tract and ascitic fluid. In this case, a 60-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and vomiting, with diagnostic challenges due to non-specific symptoms. The diagnosis was made based on history and eosinophil-rich ascites.

Unveiling inverted D genes and D-D fusions in human antibody repertoires unlocks novel antibody diversity.

Antibodies, essential components of adaptive immunity, derive their remarkable diversity primarily from V(D)J gene rearrangements, particularly within the heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR-H3) where D genes play a major role. Traditionally, D genes were thought to recombine only in the forward direction, despite having identical recombination signal sequences (12 base pair spacers) at both ends. This observation led us to question whether these symmetrical sequences might enable bidirectional recombination.

Learning the language of antibody hypervariability.

Protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated impressive success in modeling proteins. However, general-purpose "foundational" PLMs have limited performance in modeling antibodies due to the latter's hypervariable regions, which do not conform to the evolutionary conservation principles that such models rely on. In this study, we propose a transfer learning framework called Antibody Mutagenesis-Augmented Processing (AbMAP), which fine-tunes foundational models for antibody-sequence inputs by supervising on antibody structure and binding specificity examples.

First Experience with the NPseal®: A Novel Mechanically Powered Negative Pressure Dressing Applied to Colorectal Surgery Wounds.

BackgroundThe use of prophylactic closed-incisional negative pressure wound therapy after colorectal procedures has been shown to reduce postoperative wound complications and surgical site infection. We present our experience with a novel, closed-incision, mechanically powered negative pressure (MP-NPD) dressing after colorectal procedures.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-center, single-arm observational study assessing patient reported and wound healing outcomes of colorectal surgical incisions dressed with a MP-NPD.

YouTube as a Source of Medical Information About Peripheral Nerve Stimulation.

Objectives: YouTube is an important source of medical information for various medical topics and procedures. The purpose of the present study is to appraise the quality of medical information available on YouTube on the topic of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for chronic pain.

Materials And Methods: A total of 53 videos were appraised by four individuals using three scales for appraisal: 1) the Modified DISCERN scale, 2) the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) Benchmark scoring, and 3) the Global Quality Scale.

Effectiveness of TENS and Acetaminophen for Pain Control During Orthodontic Treatment: A Comparative Study.

Background: Orthodontic treatment often induces pain, especially post appliance placement. This study compares transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acetaminophen for orthodontic pain management.

Materials And Methods: A randomized trial included 120 fixed orthodontic patients divided into three groups (n = 40): Group A received TENS, group B received acetaminophen, and group C was the control.

Patient Compliance With Bowel Preparation for Elective Colorectal Surgery.

Introduction: Studies show that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) plus oral antibiotics (OAs) is associated with decreased rates of postoperative complications after elective colorectal surgery. However, there is a lack of literature regarding patient compliance with bowel preparation (BP).

Materials And Methods: Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgeryfrom April 2020 to March 2022 at a tertiary care academic hospital (TCAH) and safety net hospital (SNH) were administered a BP compliance survey.

Combined Endoscopy-Laparoscopy Surgery: When and How to Utilize This Tool.

Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS) has been used to resect colon polyps since the 1990s. These colon-sparing techniques, however, have not yet been widely adopted. With the evolution of technology in both diagnosing and treating colon cancer, colorectal surgeons should strive for a diverse and complete armamentarium through which they can best serve their patients.

Barriers to Implementation of Advanced Endoscopic Procedures.

Advanced endoscopy has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of both benign and low-grade malignant colorectal lesions. In fact, advanced endoscopic procedures are being adopted as standard approaches to these lesions in many places around the world; however, their implementation in the United States has not been as widespread. We ascribe the difficulty in implementation to two reasons: (1) lack of advanced endoscopic training and (2) failure in reimbursement models as they relate to endoscopy.

Pathologic Outcomes of Short-Course and Long-Course Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancers Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Introduction: Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is now the standard of care. Randomized trials suggest the use of short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) and long-course radiotherapy (LCRT) are oncologically equivalent.

Objective: To describe pathologic outcomes after surgical resections of patients receiving SCRT versus LCRT as part of TNT for LARC.