Livestock infected with Leishmania spp. in southern Iran.

Background: Query ID="Q1" Text="Graphical abstract: As per journal requirements, graphical abstract is necessary. Kindly check and provide the same."The magnitude of the health problems caused by leishmaniasis has been a major driving factor behind the development and implementation of leishmaniasis control programs by the national authorities in Iran, with a priority for health and environmental management.

An Update of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Southern Iran: A Population-Based Study.

Background: The childhood period is considered to be the primary period for acquisition of the . The high prevalence rates from developing countries are associated with gastric cancer. A decreasing trend of its prevalence has been reported from different parts of the world.

Significance of TC9 and TH9 in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis.

Background: H pylori plays a critical role in the development of stomach cancer, especially in people affected by the bacteria at an early stage of life. Th9 cells and IL-9 play major roles in immune responses against various infections. IL-9 is influential in chronic or acute inflammation of the mucosa.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among pregnant women and eye colonization of their neonates at birth time, Shiraz, Southern Iran.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the two common transmissible pathogens from pregnant women to their neonates. Given the lack of routine screening and treatment of pregnant women in some areas, the possibility of transmission rises. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of C.

A 25-year surveillance of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease treatment in children in Southern Iran.

Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) disease is one of the most serious complications of BCG vaccination, mainly among immunocompromised children with high morbidity and mortality.Currently, there is no any consensus with regard to the standard regimen of antituberculosis (anti-TB) agents and duration of treatment in healthy or immunocompromised host in children. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various combination treatment strategies for disseminated BCG disease in children.

Analysis of hospital records of children with hydatid cyst in south of Iran.

The clinical manifestations of hydatidosis are various and related to anatomic location. Defining frequent symptoms and signs of the disease is imperative for early management of it. The aim of this report was to analyse the clinical features of infected children with hydatid cysts located in different organs.

Role of serum level and genetic variation of IL-28B in interferon responsiveness and advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients.

Interleukin-28B (IL-28B) is suspected to be associated with response to treatment and one of the basic immunological backgrounds in liver transplant candidate (LTC). We aimed to assess whether genotypes of IL-28B can play a role in therapeutic response or advanced stages of liver disease. A total of 364 subjects were genotyped for IL-28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 SNPs using PCR-RFLP assay.

Interference of Vaccine Derived Polio Viruses with Diagnosis of Enteroviral Diseases in Neonatal Period.

Introduction: Enteroviruses (EV) are a common cause of neonatal sepsis especially at the junction of summer and fall.

Aim: This study was planned to find the frequency of Enteroviral (EV) sepsis among neonates with clinical sepsis.

Materials And Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study.

The importance of TH22 and TC22 cells in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases.

Background: An association exists between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), peptic ulcers, gastritis, and sometimes gastric carcinomas. Th22 cells have protective and inflammatory roles in defense against microbes.

A diagnostic one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method for accurate detection of influenza virus type A.

Introduction: Influenza A is known as a public health concern worldwide. In this study, a novel one-step real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) assay was designed and optimized for the detection of influenza A viruses.

Material And Methods: The primers and probe were designed based on the analysis of 90 matrix nucleotide sequence data of influenza type A subtypes from the GenBank database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Effectiveness of Short-Course Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime®) for Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis: A 13-Year, Multistage, Non-Inferiority Study in Iran.

The World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendation is 28-day course of meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime, Sanofi Aventis, France) for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a shorter duration of treatment in regions with low level of resistance to Glucantime. During 13 years, this study was conducted in three phases on 392 patients.

Visceral leishmaniasis in two patients with IL-12p40 and IL-12Rβ1 deficiencies.

Mutations of the IL12B and IL12RB1 genes underlie the development of IL-12 p40 and IL-12Rβ1 deficiencies, respectively, both of which cause predisposition to infection with weakly virulent mycobacteria and Salmonella. Infections with other intramacrophagic organisms have only been rarely observed. We identified two patients with visceral leishmaniasis who had autosomal recessive IL-12 p40 and IL-12Rβ1 deficiencies, respectively.

Immunization with a Recombinant Expression Vector Encoding NS3/NS4A of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 3a Elicits Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in C57BL/6 Mice.

Today, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is considered as one of the most significant international health concerns. Although novel therapeutic regimens against the infection have shown satisfactory results, no approved vaccine exists yet. This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for HCV-3a, based on nonstructural proteins NS3/NS4A, in C57BL/6 mice.

Conjunctival leishmaniasis in a case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis.

A 15-year-old female patient presented with numerous, small, papulonodular skin lesions, and hepatosplenomegaly 9 months after a treated biopsy proved cutaneous leishmaniasis. In ocular examination there were two yellowish, raised gelatinous conjunctival lesions in the left eye. The exisional conjunctival lesion biopsy revealed many Leishman bodies inside tissue histiocytes.

Expression of NS3/NS4A Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus in Huh7 Cells Following Engineering Its Eukaryotic Expression Vector.

Background: Although the development of novel therapeutic regimens to combat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been speeded up with successful results, no efficient vaccines exist yet.

Objectives: This study aimed to construct a eukaryotic expression vector encoding nonstructural proteins, NS3/NS4A, of HCV genotype 3a, and evaluate its expression on Huh7 cell surface.

Materials And Methods: The NS3/NS4A sequence was isolated from a patient with HCV-3a chronic infection, cloned into intermediate vector pTZ57R/T, and then used for engineering a mammalian expression vector, pDisplay, to direct the respective protein to the secretory pathway and anchor it to the plasma membrane.

Post-Vaccination Disseminated Bacillus Calmette Guerin Infection Among Children in Southern Iran.

Background: Disseminated bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) infection is a rare but life threatening complication of BCG vaccination. It has been mainly seen in severe immune deficiency. A precise and rapid diagnosis is crucial for prompt initiation of an aggressive anti-mycobacterial treatment.

Nosocomial Infections: Multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative rods isolated from blood and other sterile body fluids in Iran.

Background And Objective: Antibiotic resistance is increasing, especially in healthcare-associated infections causing significant public health concerns worldwide. National information is required to make appropriate policies, update list of essential drugs for treatment, and evaluate the effects of intervention strategies. A nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in nosocomial infections was established in Iran in 2008, so that the data obtained through the surveillance would enable us to construct a database.

QuantiFERON-TB Gold and Tuberculin Skin Test for the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in Children.

Background: Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) play the most important role in the control of tuberculosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of LTBI among healthy tuberculosis unexposed children vaccinated with BCG using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and comparing the agreement between the two tests.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between October 2009 and March 2010 in 24 schools and 11 daycare centers.

Evaluation of immunity status to routine vaccination in pediatric liver transplant candidates.

Background/aims: Generally, prevention of infections by vaccination is the least invasive and most cost-effective approach to reduce the incidence of infections and the morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. Genetic diversity and different liver disease among patients contributes to variability in immune responses to vaccines and pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunity status to different vaccinated organisms in pediatric liver-transplant candidates.

Alterations in Th17 and the Respective Cytokine Levels in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Stomach Diseases.

Background: Infections by Helicobacter can cause the stimulation of sophisticated immune response in mucosal immunity. Among the different lymphocytes, Th17 plays an important role in the defense against H. pylori and may cause gastritis and peptic ulcer due to the increased activation of Th17 and cytokine changes.

Epstein-Barr viral load before a liver transplant in children with chronic liver disease.

Objectives: Many children with chronic liver disease require a liver transplant. These patients are prone to various infections, including Epstein-Barr virus infection. This study sought to measure the Epstein-Barr viral load by polymerase chain reaction before a liver transplant.

Yeast colonization and drug susceptibility pattern in the pediatric patients with neutropenia.

Background: Pediatric patients with neutropenia are vulnerable to invasive Candida infections. Candida is the primary cause of fungal infections, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Candida albicans has been the most common etiologic agent of these infections, affecting 48% of patients.

First molecular-based detection of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major in Iran.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which mostly occurs in the New World, is mainly associated with Leishmania braziliensis and to a lesser degree L. panamensis and L. amazonensis infections.

Primary gastric tuberculosis mimicking gastric cancer: a case report.

Gastric tuberculosis is an uncommon manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection. The clinical signs of this type of infection are nonspecific and misleading. Clinically gastric tuberculosis resembles peptic ulcer disease or malignancy.