Clubroot Disease: 145 Years Post-Discovery, Challenges, and Opportunities.

Clubroot, a destructive disease of Brassicaceae, is caused by the soilborne, biotrophic protist . The pathogen was first identified by Mikhail Woronin in 1875 and named turnip disease in England. This pathogen has a unique, multiphase life cycle that takes place largely within a living host; however, it can also persist as resting spores in the soil for several years.

Exploring the hierarchical framework of the Kirkpatrick model in training evaluation from a developing country.

Training evaluation plays a vital role in determining the effectiveness of programs to enhance employee performance and achieve organizational goals. The Kirkpatrick Model, widely used across industries, offers a structured framework for evaluating training outcomes through its four levels: Reaction, Learning, Behavior, and Results. However, there is a significant lack of empirical validation of this model in developing economies, especially in the banking sector of Bangladesh.

Pulmonary Aspergilloma in a Non-adherent Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patient Receiving Long-Term Immunosuppression: A Report of a Rare Case.

Pulmonary aspergilloma is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening condition that predominantly affects individuals with pre-existing structural lung disease and immunosuppression. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially with long-term immunosuppressive therapy, significantly increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections, including fungal pathogens such as species. These patients are also at heightened risk for a broad range of opportunistic infections, such as species, viral infections such as herpes zoster and cytomegalovirus (CMV), , and pneumonia (PJP).

Thiazole- and Benzothiazole-Based Organoselenium Compounds as Dual-Action Agents: Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Functional Mimics of Glutathione Peroxidase.

Hydrogen peroxide regulates tyrosinase activity, a key enzyme in melanogenesis, underscoring the importance of redox balance in melanin biosynthesis. A new class of thiazole- and benzothiazole-based selones and their sulfur analogues was synthesized and structurally characterized, with the selones showing potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibition and significantly lower IC values than those of kojic acid. Benzothiazole-based selone (IC = 0.

Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images using DeepLabV3+.

Segmenting polyps in colonoscopy images is essential for the early identification and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, a significant cause of worldwide cancer deaths. Prior deep learning based models such as Attention based variation, UNet variations and Transformer-derived networks have had notable success in capturing intricate features and complex polyp shapes. However they frequently encounter challenges in pinpointing small details and enhancing the representation of features on both local and global scale.