Olfactory stimulation may modulate the sensation of nasal patency.

Background: The sensation of nasal patency can be induced by inhaling menthol, which predominantly produces trigeminal stimulation. It remains unclear whether olfactory stimulation can also induce or modulate the sensation of nasal patency.

Methodology: A total of 118 participants (normosmia: n=67, olfactory dysfunction: n=51) were exposed to four odors in a randomized order: 1) phenylethanol (PEA), 2) menthol, 3) a mixture of PEA and menthol, 4) nearly odorless propylene glycol.

[The psychotic component of so-called normal parents].

Working with very young children who are placed, on a part-time basis, in a facility affording associated psychoanalytical treatment, points up special parent-child relationships. For children showing personality structures of a psychotic nature, these relationships coincide with the psychic core of the parent's personality structure. This is a very real pathological "meeting of the minds" that partoof the therapeutic treatment is based on.