Monomeric α-Synuclein Real-Time Induced Conversion: A New Approach to the Diagnostics of Neurodegenerative Synucleinopathies with Weak RT-QuIC Responses.

Neurodegenerative disorders classified as synucleinopathies (Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple-system atrophy) are characterized by the accumulation of aberrant α-synuclein aggregates in neurons and glial cells. These diseases manifest clinically several years after the initial formation of pathological protein aggregates in the brain, making early and accurate diagnosis challenging. In recent years, a new method, which is based on real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) of α-synuclein, has been developed and validated.

Advances in Miniaturized Bioreactors: Bridging Biotechnology and Tissue Engineering for Enhanced Drug Development.

We review the recent advances in micro-scale bioreactors, analyzing their structural designs, limitations, and benefits for drug development, advanced biotechnology, and tissue engineering.

Current and prospective trends in the application of bioluminescent analysis in experimental brain studies.

Bioluminescence, a natural phenomenon resulting from enzyme-catalysed oxidation of substrates like luciferin, has emerged as a powerful tool in modern biology, biochemistry, and medicine. Advances in understanding bioluminescent systems, particularly those of bacteria, fireflies, coelenterates, and crustaceans, have facilitated the development of highly sensitive and specific analytical methods. Applications range from intracellular bioimaging to the detection of metabolites and effectors, offering unparalleled insight into cellular and molecular processes.

Blood-brain barriers and drug pharmacokinetics: mechanisms and models.

Development of new drugs for the effective treatment of brain diseases is one of the most important challenges in modern neuropharmacology. In vivo testing of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters is a long-lasting process, whereas simplified in vitro models do not fully reflect the complexity of drugs distribution in the tissue. There is a growing interest in the establishment of new in vitro models reproducing the complex spatial tissue architecture, brain tissue compartmentalization and continuous circulation of fluids (blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid).

The current approaches to modeling the brain ischemia-reperfusion and inflammation: from animal models toward vascularized and neuroimmune cerebral organoids.

For several decades, the modeling of brain diseases in experimental animals has remained one of the key components of studying the pathogenesis of central nervous system pathology and searching for new methods of prevention and therapy. In recent years, new approaches to modeling pathological conditions have been in active development; these approaches will not only reduce the number of animal studies but also allow us to take a step toward reproducing the human-specific mechanisms of brain pathology. In this review, we characterize the most common rodent models of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, as well as neuroinflammation inherent to neurodegeneration (in particular, Parkinson's disease), which are reproduced .