Metallomic analysis of urine from individuals with and without Covid-19 infection reveals extensive alterations in metal homeostasis.

Background: Metal ions perform important functions in the body and their concentrations in cells and tissues are tightly controlled. Alterations in metal homeostasis can occur in certain disease states including infection. In this study urinary excretion of several metals including calcium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, selenium, and zinc in Covid-19 patients (n=35) and control (n=60) individuals, spanning ages and sexes.

Host-Parasite Interaction Between the Nematoda Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis and Fish Hoplias malabaricus From the Natural Environment in the Brazilian Amazon.

Histopathological studies of parasitic infections in fish from the natural environment of Brazilian Amazon, are quite scarce. In this study, we investigated the histopathological changes of the proximal intestine of specimens of the Amazonian fish Hoplias malabaricus infected by the hematophagous nematode Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis. The prevalence of the infection was 60%, with an average abundance of 1.

Selective blockade of cannabinoid receptors influences motoneuron survival and glial responses after neonatal axotomy.

Sciatic nerve crush in neonatal rats leads to an extensive death of motor and sensory neurons, serving as a platform to develop new neuroprotective approaches. The endocannabinoid system plays important neuromodulatory roles and has been involved in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. The present work investigated the role of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 in the neuroprotective response after neonatal axotomy.

A novel 4-aminoquinoline chemotype with multistage antimalarial activity and lack of cross-resistance with PfCRT and PfMDR1 mutants.

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the mainstay of effective treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the long-term utility of ACTs is imperiled by widespread partial artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and its recent emergence in parts of East Africa. This underscores the need to identify chemotypes with new modes of action (MoAs) to circumvent resistance to ACTs.

Adsorption of amoxicillin by chitosan and alginate biopolymers composite beads.

Due to its widespread use and incomplete breakdown in the human body, amoxicillin has been detected in receiving water bodies. This raises significant concerns, like the promotion of antibiotic resistance, toxicity towards aquatic life, disruption of the natural balance of microbial communities within these water bodies, and the struggle of effectively removal by the traditional wastewater treatment plants. Consequently, exploring new processes to complement the existing methods is crucial.

Novel risk loci in LGI1-antibody encephalitis: genome-wide association study discovery and validation cohorts.

Encephalitis with antibodies to leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1-Ab-E) is a common form of autoimmune encephalitis, presenting with seizures and neuropsychiatric changes, predominantly in older males. More than 90% of patients carry the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II allele, HLA-DRB1*07:01. However, this is also present in 25% of healthy controls.

The elastic system: A review of elastin-related techniques and hematoxylin-eosin/phloxine applicability for normal and pathological tissue description.

The elastic system is one of the most developed interstitial elements in connective tissue. With diverse functions, pre-elastic and elastic fibers contribute to the distensibility and malleability of several organs. Also, microanalyses of the elastic system were obtained by different histological techniques that were employed over years to describe normal and pathological conditions.

Chemical origins of β-Ti stabilization via BC additions in metastable β-Ti alloys and composites.

The aerospace industry relies on Ti alloys owing to their strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. In metastable β-Ti alloys, slow cooling from the β-transus leads to partial transformation into coarse α laths, which is detrimental to the mechanical properties. A refinement and decrease of α laths has been previously achieved in β-Ti alloys with BC additions.

Determining the Absolute Configuration of Small Molecules by Diffusion NMR Experiments.

Enantiomers are ubiquitous in many areas of science, such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) alone is not able to differentiate enantiomers as their spectra are identical. However, these can be distinguished using chiral auxiliaries (such as chiral complexing agents) that form diastereomeric complexes, but absolute identification is still troublesome, usually requiring a chemical reaction with a chiral derivatizing agent.

Unveiling the correlation between in vivo endodontic reciprocate instrumentation and crack formation.

Introduction: Dentinal microcracks have been supposedly associated with unrestorable vertical root fractures and consequently long-term treatment failure. This study aimed to investigate whether in vivo root canal instrumentation in mandibular incisors with vital pulps causes dentinal microcracks using two different irrigating solutions.

Methods: Five patients with four vital mandibular incisors indicated for extraction were included.

Furoxan-piplartine hybrids as effective NO donors and ROS inducers in PC3 cancer cells: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.

Conjugation of the naturally occurring product piplartine (PPT, 1), which is a potent cytotoxic compound and ROS inducer, with a diphenyl sulfonyl-substituted furoxan moiety (namely, 3,4-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,2,5-oxadiazole-2-oxide), an important type of NO donor, an ether linker of different chain lengths is described, characterized and screened for the anticancer potential. The cytotoxicity of the new hybrids was evaluated on a panel of human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, PC3 and OVCAR-3) and two non-cancer human cells (MCF10A and PNT2). In general, the synthesized hybrids were more cytotoxic and selective compared to their furoxan precursors 4-6 and PPT in the above cancer cells.

Stereoselective Electrochemical Synthesis of E-Tetrasubstituted Haloalkenyl Chalcogenides.

Herein, we describe an electrochemical method for the synthesis of haloalkenyl chalcogenides from internal alkynes using hydrobromic and hydrochloric acids as halogenating agents, with the sole byproduct being hydrogen gas. This e-halochalcogenation protocol generates electrophilic chalcogenium species under mild conditions in a simple, undivided cell setup, enabling the synthesis of 25 examples of chloro- and bromovinyl selenides and sulfides with yields ranging from 10 % to 94 %, predominantly as the E-isomer. The synthetic utility of the halovinyl chalcogenides was demonstrated through various transformations, yielding densely functionalized tetra-substituted olefins.

The effectiveness of partial pulpotomy compared with full pulpotomy in managing deep caries in vital permanent teeth with a diagnosis of non-traumatic pulpitis.

Background: Pulpitis may be pain free or alternatively characterized by mild to severe pain and associated symptoms. Evidence has recently emerged that patients presenting with carious pulp exposure range of symptoms can be treated effectively with pulpotomy.

Objective: The current systematic review aimed to answer the following research question: "In patients with deep caries lesions in permanent teeth associated with no symptoms, reversible pulpitis or signs and symptoms indicative of irreversible pulpitis (P), is partial pulpotomy (I) as effective as full pulpotomy (C), in terms of a combination of patient and clinical reported outcomes (O), with "tooth survival" as the most critical outcome?

Methods: The systematic literature search was conducted in the following electronic databases: OVID, Scopus, PubMed (Including MEDLINE), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) supplemented with Grey literature and hand searching of relevant journals.

A chemical screen identifies PRMT5 as a therapeutic vulnerability for paclitaxel-resistant triple-negative breast cancer.

Paclitaxel-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most challenging breast cancers to treat. Here, using an epigenetic chemical probe screen, we uncover an acquired vulnerability of paclitaxel-resistant TNBC cells to protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) inhibition. Analysis of cell lines and in-house clinical samples demonstrates that resistant cells evade paclitaxel killing through stabilizing mitotic chromatin assembly.

Deficient RPE mitochondrial energetics leads to subretinal fibrosis in age-related neovascular macular degeneration.

Subretinal fibrosis permanently impairs the vision of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Despite emerging evidence revealing the association between disturbed metabolism in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and subretinal fibrosis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed, prior to subretinal fibrosis, genes in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation are downregulated in the RPE lacking very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), especially the rate-limiting enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A).

Nebulized enriched heparin improves respiratory parameters in patients with COVID-19: a phase I/II randomized and triple-blind clinical trial.

To evaluate the safety and the potential antiviral treatment of inhaled enriched heparin in patients with COVID-19. The specific objectives were to investigate the anticoagulation profile, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, and respiratory evolution of inhaled enriched heparin. We conducted a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I/II clinical trial in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 receiving inhalation of enriched heparin or saline (placebo) every 4 h for 7 days.

Teeth with vital pulps and stage III periodontitis unresponsive to therapy exhibit a pulpal inflammatory profile similar to symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β) and the pulpitis-associated miRNA (miR-30a-5p and miR-128-3p) in pulp tissue samples from unrestored teeth with a vital normal pulp (NP), teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (IP) and in unrestored teeth with periodontal disease, unresponsive to periodontal therapy, and a vital pulp (EP).

Methodology: Thirty patients were included in this observational study (10 teeth with NP, 10 teeth with IP, 10 teeth with EP). Dental pulp tissues samples were collected from patients during root canal treatment (RCT).

Sarcobesity: New paradigms for healthy aging related to taurine supplementation, gut microbiota and exercise.

Enigmatic sarcopenic obesity is still a challenge for science and adds to the global public health burden. The progressive accumulation of body fat combined with a dysfunctional skeletal muscle structure and composition, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and anabolic resistance, among other aggravating factors, together represent the seriousness and complexity of treating the metabolic disorder of sarcobesity in aging. For this reason, further studies are needed that encourage the support of therapeutic management.