Influence of Age on Fracture Healing in Young and Middle-Aged Mice in a Proximal Femur Fracture Model.

Osteoporotic hip fractures are a considerable cause of pain and disability particularly among the elderly. Osteoporosis causes loss of bone stability, which in turn leads to an increased risk of fractures especially in metaphyseal bone. Moreover, the body's capacity for healing is diminished, resulting in prolonged recovery times following these fractures.

Ultrahypofractionated radiotherapy in one or two sessions for localized prostate cancer: a review of the evidence and future perspectives.

This narrative review analyzes current evidence comparing single-session and two-session approaches in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. These ultra-hypofractionated strategies deliver high-precision ablative doses while minimizing exposure to normal tissues. SBRT regimens with fewer than five fractions show tumor control comparable to conventional treatments, offering reduced treatment burden and increased convenience.

Parameter estimation of hyper-spherical diffusion models with a time-dependent threshold: An integral equation method.

Over the past several decades, decision-making research has been dominated by the study of binary choice tasks, with key models assuming that people remain equally cautious regardless of how long they have spent on the choice problem. Recent research has begun to place a greater focus on studying tasks with a continuous-response scale, as well as models that allow for decreases in caution over decision time; however, these research topics have remained separate from one another. For instance, proposed models of continuous-response scales have assumed constant caution over time, and studies investigating whether caution decreases over time have focused on binary choice tasks.

Implementing a Resource-Light and Low-Code Large Language Model System for Information Extraction from Mammography Reports: A Pilot Study.

Large language models (LLMs) have been successfully used for data extraction from free-text radiology reports. Most current studies were conducted with LLMs accessed via an application programming interface (API). We evaluated the feasibility of using open-source LLMs, deployed on limited local hardware resources for data extraction from free-text mammography reports, using a common data element (CDE)-based structure.

The Practical Value of Bayesian Inference in Describing the Epidemiology of Sports Injuries.

Sports injury surveillance programs have been vital in advancing the understanding of injury epidemiology across various athlete populations. Surveillance-based epidemiological measures of injury occurrence are ubiquitous in the sports medicine literature, and the injury rate is one such commonly used measure. Traditional approaches to calculating injury rates have predominantly relied on frequentist methods, which, while informative, have limitations in addressing certain practical questions.

Penetrating extremity injuries in a large Scandinavian Level-1 trauma center: a 4-year analysis of imaging methods, mechanisms of injury and clinical outcome.

Background: To analyze penetrating extremity injuries at a Scandinavian urban Level-1 trauma center regarding incidence, mechanism of injury, imaging approach and clinical outcome.

Methods: A retrospective study (2013-2016) of penetrating injuries to the extremities based on a Trauma Registry. Retrieved variables included patient demographics, injury characteristics, time to CT and 30-day morbidity.

Systematic attribution of heatwaves to the emissions of carbon majors.

Extreme event attribution assesses how climate change affected climate extremes, but typically focuses on single events. Furthermore, these attributions rarely quantify the extent to which anthropogenic actors have contributed to these events. Here we show that climate change made 213 historical heatwaves reported over 2000-2023 more likely and more intense, to which each of the 180 carbon majors (fossil fuel and cement producers) substantially contributed.

The impact of private hosting on the integration of Ukrainian refugees in Germany.

Amid the Ukrainian displacement crisis, private hosting of refugees in Europe has surged, yet its impact on integration remains understudied. This research examines the short- to medium-term effects of private hosting on Ukrainian refugee integration in Germany. Using data from one of the largest non-profit platforms that matches private hosts with refugees, we compare the multidimensional integration outcomes of refugees who were matched with private hosts to those of observably similar refugees who applied for private hosting but were not matched (n = 1,700).

Improved GVHD-free relapse-free survival when rATG/ATLG is used in allo-HCT from matched sibling donors - an EBMT registry study by the Transplant Complications Working Party.

The EBMT recommends rabbit anti-thymocyte or anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (rATG/ATLG) as GVHD prophylaxis in matched sibling donor (MSD) allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, discrepancies between recommendations and clinical practice were reflected in the EBMT survey. Therefore, we performed retrospective EBMT registry analysis from 2014 to 2021 to reinforce the real-world evidence context of rATG/ATLG impact on post-transplantation outcomes.

Late fluid flow in a primitive asteroid revealed by Lu-Hf isotopes in Ryugu.

Carbonaceous asteroids are the source of the most primitive meteorites and represent leftover planetesimals that formed from ice and dust in the outer Solar System and may have delivered volatiles to the terrestrial planets. Understanding the aqueous activity of asteroids is key to deciphering their thermal, chemical and orbital evolution, with implications for the origin of water on the terrestrial planets. Analyses of the objects, in particular pristine samples returned from asteroid Ryugu, have provided detailed information on fluid-rock interactions within a few million years after parent-body formation.

Stabilizing effect of amino acids on protein and colloidal dispersions.

Amino acids (AAs) have a long history of being used as stabilizers for biological media. For example, they are important components in biomedical formulations. The effect of AAs on biological systems is also starting to be appreciated.

Fluctuating DNA methylation tracks cancer evolution at clinical scale.

Cancer development and response to treatment are evolutionary processes, but characterizing evolutionary dynamics at a clinically meaningful scale has remained challenging. Here we develop a new methodology called EVOFLUx, based on natural DNA methylation barcodes fluctuating over time, that quantitatively infers evolutionary dynamics using only a bulk tumour methylation profile as input. We apply EVOFLUx to 1,976 well-characterized lymphoid cancer samples spanning a broad spectrum of diseases and show that initial tumour growth rate, malignancy age and epimutation rates vary by orders of magnitude across disease types.

A three-dimensional ex vivo model recapitulates in vivo features and drug resistance phenotypes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) preferentially localizes in the bone marrow (BM) and displays recurrent patterns of medullary and extra-medullary involvement. Leukemic cells exploit their niche for propagation and survive selective pressure by chemotherapy in the BM microenvironment, suggesting the existence of protective mechanisms. Here, we established a three-dimensional (3D) BM mimic with human mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells that resemble vasculature-like structures to explore the interdependence of leukemic cells with their microenvironment.

The negligible role of carbon offsetting in corporate climate strategies.

Carbon credits feature prominently in corporate climate strategies and have sparked public debate about their potential to delay companies' internal decarbonisation. While industry reports claim that credit purchasers decarbonise faster, rigorous evidence is missing. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of 89 multinational companies' historical emission reductions and climate target ambitions.

Myths, mandates, and decision-making: A qualitative exploration of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant and postpartum women in Pakistan.

Background: Among pregnant and postpartum women, decision-making for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine is influenced by vaccine safety concerns, misconceptions, shifting vaccine policies, and exclusion in the initial vaccine rollout. This caused confusion and vaccine hesitancy among many groups including pregnant and postpartum women.

Objective: The objective of this study was to understand the multilevel factors that influence vaccine decision-making among pregnant and postpartum women in Pakistan, which is crucial for improving vaccine demand among the vulnerable group-pregnant and postpartum women.

Anxiety and Health-related Quality of Life in Men with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Focal Therapy: A Prospective Single-arm Phase 2 Trial.

Background And Objective: While whole-gland therapies for localized prostate cancer (PCa) offer excellent oncological outcomes, these can impact patients' quality of life (QoL) through serious side effects. Focal therapy using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has emerged as a less invasive alternative to preserve QoL. However, data on the psychological impact of HIFU remain rare.

Food production from air: gas precision fermentation with hydrogen-oxidising bacteria.

The breach of six planetary boundaries highlights the need for sustainable food production. Aerobic hydrogen-oxidising bacteria (HOBs) convert atmospheric CO and green hydrogen (H) into biomass via gas fermentation, a process already used for food-grade single-cell protein production. This approach enables a supply chain independent of agriculture, requiring minimal land and water, with potential for carbon-neutral production and carbon capture.

A practical approach to determining screw preload in dental implant systems.

A practical and novel technique used both in testing and in practice when tightening dental implant screw systems is described for determining the preload implant screw systems, which differs from traditional tightening procedures that are based solely on the application of a predetermined manufacturer specified torque value. Preload is the critical quantity for a reliable joint: about 90% of tightening torque goes into overcoming friction and the remaining amount, approximately 10%, goes into preload. Because of the heavy dependence of torque on friction, the actual preload achieved is subject to large variability of up ±35%, depending on surface conditions (dry, wet, or contaminated).

Clinical Evaluation of Susceptibility-weighted MR Imaging for the Detection of Intramammary Micro- and Macrocalcifications in 70 Female Patients at 1.5T.

Purpose: The ability to accurately detect and characterize intramammary micro- and macrocalcifications without ionized radiation has significant clinical implications for early breast cancer assessment. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting intramammary calcifications using 3D multi-echo gradient echo (ME-GRE) magnitude and true susceptibility-weighted images (tSWI) compared to digital mammography (DM) in patients with different breast sizes and densities of breast parenchyma at 1.5T.

Please mind the gap: A taxonomy for addressing the issue of linking person, account and device.

Courts throughout several jurisdictions have dismissed cases on the basis that the link between a device or account and the accused person had not sufficiently been established. This core challenge of digital forensic science is named here the "Person-Device Gap" or the "Person-Account Gap" respectively. The gap illustrates the challenge of linking a person to a specific account or device, either in general or at the moment of interest.

Effect of ECMO Flow Variations on Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock.

Background: The hemodynamic effects of femoro-femoral venoarterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) on pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) remain poorly defined. High ECMO flow is believed to increase PCWP and the risk of pulmonary edema; yet, supporting in vivo physiological data are lacking.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of incremental femoro-femoral VA-ECMO flow variations on PCWP, hemodynamic, and echocardiographic parameters in patients with cardiogenic shock during the early phase of VA-ECMO support, after stabilization.

Distal Radial Access for Radial Artery Recanalization: Multicenter Outcomes and Stepwise Strategies to Maximize Patency.

Background: Radial artery occlusion complicates transradial access, limiting future access and precluding bypass grafting and dialysis. Distal radial access offers a promising solution by allowing retrograde recanalization of occluded radial arteries.

Objectives: The authors sought to evaluate multicenter outcomes of radial artery recanalization though distal radial access (DRA), focusing on its safety, efficacy, and reproducibility, while identifying procedural strategies to optimize patency.