Wnt7b Promotes Axon Differentiation and Extension by Regulating JNK-Mediated Cytoskeletal Dynamics.

Neuronal polarization and axon growth are critical processes underlying neuronal differentiation and maturation. Wnt proteins have been implicated as key regulators of neuronal development; however, the cellular mechanisms through which they influence axon growth remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of Wnt7b in axon differentiation and elongation in hippocampal neurons, and aimed to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms involved.

Significant Improvement in Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy of Mebendazole Oral Nano-Systems Assessed in a Murine Model with Extreme Phenotypes of Susceptibility to .

This study aimed to analyze whether the enhancement of the biopharmaceutical efficiency of mebendazole, a poorly water-soluble anthelmintic drug, significantly improves its antiparasitic activity in a murine model of trichinellosis. : Two advanced oral formulations were developed, polyvinyl alcohol-derived nanoparticles (NP) and β-cyclodextrin citrate inclusion complexes (Comp), both employing mebendazole as an anthelmintic agent. The primary objective of this work is to treat trichinellosis, an infection with severe chronic effects.

One-Pot Strategies Using Rhodium(II) Azavinyl Carbenes for the Synthesis of 2,4-Substituted Pyrrolidines.

We herein report a simple one-pot methodology for the synthesis of pyrrolidines involving the Rh(II)-catalyzed transannulation and rearrangement of -sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles and styrenes, followed by a mild iodine/hydrosilane-mediated reduction. The optimized process affords pyrrolidines in yields ranging from 40 to 85%. Preliminary mechanistic studies highlight the role of hydrogen iodide in the reduction step.

Exploring the Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Two Argentine Strains.

spp. produce diverse secondary metabolites with biological activity. This study explored the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of metabolites from two native strains, 10BR1 and UEPA AR12, isolated from rhizospheric soils.

Decoding a novel non-enzymatic protein acetylation mechanism in sperm that is essential for fertilizing potential.

Background: Protein acetylation has emerged as essential for sperm function, attracting considerable attention recently. Acetylation, typically mediated by lysine acetyltransferases, involves attaching an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to lysine residues in proteins. Under alkaline conditions, however, acetylation can occur with minimal enzymatic involvement, primarily due to an elevated pH.

Progress and Prospects of Triazoles in Advanced Therapies for Parasitic Diseases.

Parasitic diseases represent a severe global burden, with current treatments often limited by toxicity, drug resistance, and suboptimal efficacy in chronic infections. This review examines the emerging role of triazole-based compounds, originally developed as antifungals, in advanced antiparasitic therapy. Their unique structural properties, particularly those of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole isomers, facilitate diverse binding interactions and favorable pharmacokinetics.

How does sensor-wise N-BANDS relate to the of area of feasible solutions?

Background: The method of sensor-wise N-BANDS aims to compute the envelope of the range of the feasible concentration profiles and the envelope of the range of the feasible spectral profiles. These envelopes are obtained by a sensor-wise maximization and minimization for each chemical species. They describe the rotational ambiguity which can also be explored by the area of feasible solutions.

Functional data analysis, a comprehensive framework for processing non-quadrilinear and low-selective data provided by four-way liquid chromatography analysis.

The chemometric treatment of higher-order chromatographic (LC) data often crashes due to two main effects: the chromatographic band shifts/warpings across samples and quasi-full overlaps between component signals, affecting their analytical selectivities. From a chemometric point of view, these phenomena have independent effects, although they can jointly contribute to the failure of the algorithms: 1) data multilinearity breaking, leading to the poor performance of multilinear decomposition algorithms, and 2) linear dependence between the analytes signals, causing the failure of folded models. Under this scenario, making chemometric processing feasible involves defining specific experimental conditions that minimize these effects or increasing the number of instrumental ways to deal with selectivity lost.

Evaluation of Food-Grade Additives on the Viability of Ten Phages in Food to Improve Safety in Agricultural Products.

Bacteriophages can be used as biocontrol agents in agriculture to improve food safety, provided they can remain viable in food environments. The viability of ten phages (AShi, Shi3, Shi22, Shi30, Shi33, Shi34, Shi40, Shi88, Shi93, and Shi113) was evaluated against different additives and biocides used daily in food applications. In addition, the influence of additives on phage viability in a food matrix was investigated.

Advancing N,N'-disubstituted diamines in antimalarial drug development: Structure-activity relationships and mechanistic studies.

Previously we reported the synthesis of thirty N,N'-disubstituted diamines, several of which exhibited potent activity against apicomplexan parasites, including Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Building on this, we expanded the series with fifty-four new compounds, which were evaluated against the same parasites. These analogs were synthesized via a one-pot reductive amination of aliphatic diamines with various aromatic aldehydes.

Botanical-Based Strategies for Controlling spp. in Cotton and Citrus: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation.

Citrus canker, caused by subsp. , and bacterial blight, caused by subsp. , results in substantial economic losses worldwide, and searching for new antibacterial agents is a critical challenge.

Computational screening of natural products as tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitors: Insights from CNN-based QSAR, molecular docking, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulations.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by a complex array of motor, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal symptoms, many of which are linked to disruptions in neuroactive metabolites. Dysregulated activity of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), a key enzyme in the kynurenine pathway (KP), has been implicated in these disturbances. TDO's regulation of tryptophan metabolism outside the central nervous system (CNS) plays a critical role in maintaining the balance between serotonin and kynurenine-derived metabolites, with its dysfunction contributing to the worsening of PD symptoms.

Advancing Multiscale Molecular Modeling with Machine Learning-Derived Electrostatics.

We introduce an innovative machine learning (ML)-based framework for multiscale molecular modeling in which the ML subsystem is treated as an electrostatic entity interacting with its molecular mechanics (MM) environment through classical electrostatics. The integration of ML accuracy with multiscale modeling is accomplished by leveraging the capabilities of the ANI neural networks to predict geometry-dependent atomic partial charges at the minimal basis iterative stockholder (MBIS) level, going beyond static mechanical embedding. This ML/MM approach can closely approximate state-of-the-art multiscale quantum-classical (QM/MM) methods while significantly lowering computational requirements, thereby facilitating more efficient and precise simulations in computational chemistry.

Functional characterization of a maize UDP-glucosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoid 7-O-glucosides and di-O-glucosides.

Flavonoids are glycosylated in the final steps of their synthesis by UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase enzymes. We present the functional characterization of the first maize flavonoid O-glucosyltransferase enzyme from family 85, which exhibits properties not previously described. ZmUGT85W2 catalyzes the O-glucosylation of flavonols, flavones and flavanones, to form primarily 7-O-glucosides, but also flavonol O-glucoside positional isomers, flavones and flavonol di-O-glucosides.

"Illuminated Glycoporphyrins": A photodynamic approach for Candida albicans inactivation.

The continuous increase in the incidence of invasive mycoses, particularly those caused by Candida albicans, is a relevant health issue worldwide due to the lack of effective antifungals and the constant emergence of resistant strains. One of the most promising therapies to treat infections caused by resistant microorganisms is photodynamic inactivation (PDI). The development of novel photosensitizers (PSs) with suitable properties is a key factor to consider when optimizing this therapy.

A QbD Approach for the Formulation and Control of Triclabendazole in Uncoated Tablets: From Polymorphs to Drug Formulation.

Triclabendazole (TCB) is a well-established anthelmintic effective in treating fascioliasis, a neglected tropical disease. This study employs quality by design (QbD) to investigate the impact of TCB polymorphism and pharmacotechnical variables, from the development of immediate-release tablets to process optimization and green analysis. Critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical material attributes (CMAs), characterized by type of polymorph, composition of excipients (talc, lactose, cornstarch, and magnesium stearate), and compression force, were screened using a Plackett-Burman design (n = 24), identifying polymorphic purity and cornstarch as a CPP.

New semisynthetic α-glucosidase inhibitor from a doubly-chemically engineered extract.

Chemically engineered extracts represent a promising source of new bioactive semi-synthetic molecules. Prepared through direct derivatization of natural extracts, they can include constituents enriched with elements and sub-structures that are less common in natural products compared to drugs. Fourteen such extracts were prepared through sequential reactions with hydrazine and a fluorinating reagent, and their α-glucosidase inhibition properties were compared.

Novel Data Fusion Strategy for Second-Order Data: Multivariate Curve Resolution for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals by Means of Fluorimetric Measurements.

A new strategy is proposed for second-order data fusion based on the simultaneous modeling of two data sets using the multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) model, applying a new constraint during the ALS stage, called "Proportionality of Scores". This approach allows for the fusion of data from different sources, without requiring common dimensionality, and enables the application of specific constraints to each data set. This strategy was applied to the determination of five pharmaceutical contaminants (naproxen, danofloxacin, ofloxacin, sarafloxacin, and enoxacin) in environmental water samples, by fusing two sets of excitation-emission fluorescence matrices, measured before and after photochemical derivatization.

Enhancing starch levels, granule size and phosphate content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through overexpression of ChlreSEX4.

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a green alga that has been widely used as a model organism for studying various cellular processes, including starch metabolism. In this alga, starch undergoes continuous phosphorylation during its synthesis and degradation. We recently identified and characterized ChlreSEX4 (starch excess 4), a glucan phosphatase from C.

Physical and oxidative stability of babassu (Orbignya phalerata mart) oil in water nanoemulsions: Effect of oil and guar gum concentrations.

Babassu oil (BO) was used in the production of oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsions in order to evaluate the potential application of an alternative source of vegetable oil in the composition of colloidal systems. The proportion of oil phase (10, 20 and 30 % w/w) and guar gum (GG) concentrations (0, 0.10, 0.

Cyclic electron flow compensates loss of PGDH3 and concomitant stromal NADH reduction.

In nature plants constantly experience changes in light intensities. Low illumination limits photosynthesis and growth. However, also high light intensities are a threat to plants as the photosynthetic machinery gets damaged when the incoming energy surpasses the capacity of photochemistry.

Mitochondrial genome of Neuryurus rudis (Xenarthra, Cingulata); contribution to phylogeny and origin of glyptodonts.

The remarkable glyptodonts have sparked the interest of evolutionary biologists since the 19th century, in their attempts to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the various species of these armored giants and their relationship with other xenarthrans. In recent years, the molecular analysis of the first glyptodont has included them within the cingulates, as a special group of armadillos that lost the mobility of the bands of their armor during their evolutionary history. In this research, we obtained the mitochondrial DNA sequence of the elusive and poorly known glyptodont Neuryurus rudis, inferring its phylogenetic position with respect to the glyptodont Doedicurus sp.

Impact of Phosphorylation on the Physiological Form of Human alpha-Synuclein in Aqueous Solution.

Serine 129 can be phosphorylated in pathological inclusions formed by the intrinsically disordered protein human α-synuclein (AS), a key player in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Here, molecular simulations provide insight into the structural ensemble of phosphorylated AS. The simulations allow us to suggest that phosphorylation significantly impacts the structural content of the physiological AS conformational ensemble in aqueous solution, as the phosphate group is mostly solvated.

An Innovative Bio-Vehicle for Resveratrol and Tocopherol Based on Quinoa 11S Globulin-Nanocomplex Design and Characterization.

Nanocomplexes, which possess immense potential to function as nanovehicles, can link diverse ligand compounds. The objective of the present study was to design and characterize resveratrol (RSV)- and tocopherol (TOC)-loaded 11S quinoa seed protein nanocomplexes. Firstly, molecular docking was performed to describe the probable binding sites between protein and ligands, and binding energies of -5.

Untangling Zebrafish Genetic Annotation: Addressing Complexities and Nomenclature Issues in Orthologous Evaluation of TCOF1 and NOLC1.

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a genetic disorder affecting facial development, primarily caused by mutations in the TCOF1 gene. TCOF1, along with NOLC1, play important roles in ribosomal RNA transcription and processing. Previously, a zebrafish model of TCS successfully recapitulated the main characteristics of the syndrome by knocking down the expression of a gene on chromosome 13 (coding for Uniprot ID B8JIY2), which was identified as the TCOF1 orthologue.