Update 2025: Management of Non‑Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Since 2024, the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) landscape has undergone a transformative shift, driven by 11 FDA approvals. Recent advances in molecular profiling, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies have revolutionized NSCLC management, ushering in an era of personalized treatment with improved patient outcomes.

Single-cell analysis of oncolytic virotherapy in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), an aggressive T-cell malignancy associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1, presents significant therapeutic challenges due to high relapse rates and resistance to therapy. Here, we present the first reported case of ATLL treated with talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), an oncolytic viral immunotherapy approved for unresectable melanoma. The patient, who had experienced disease progression despite multiple lines of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, underwent experimental virotherapy with two intratumoral T-VEC injections.

Facilitated Versus Patient-Directed Advance Care Planning Among Patients With Advanced Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Guidelines recommend advance care planning (ACP) to improve patient-centered care near the end of life (EOL), but the optimal approach is unknown. This single-blind, patient-level, randomized comparative effectiveness trial compared two patient-facing ACP interventions that are widely used but differ in costs and complexity.

Methods: Adult patients with advanced solid tumors and their caregivers were recruited from academic and community oncology clinics.

Prophylactic Vancomycin in the Primary Prevention of Clostridium difficile in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant.

Background: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection is a frequent complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplant, contributing to increased morbidity in this population. Despite current infection prevention strategies, rates among posttransplant patients at some centers remain high.

Virusplot: a web server for viral integration analysis and visualization.

The integration of viral DNA into the human genome is a critical event in the pathogenesis of various cancers. This process leads to genomic instability, disrupts cellular regulatory mechanisms, and activates oncogenes or inactivates tumor suppressor genes. Despite significant advancements in genome sequencing technologies, there remains a notable lack of computational tools, particularly web-based applications, specifically designed for viral integration analysis and visualization.

Neural regulation of the thymus: past, current, and future perspectives.

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ critical for the development of mature T cells from hematopoietic progenitors. A highly structured organ, the thymus contains distinct regions, precise cytoarchitecture, and molecular signals tightly regulating thymopoiesis. Although the above are well-understood, the structural and functional implications of thymic innervation are largely neglected.

Long term results of venetoclax combined with FLAG-IDA induction and consolidation for newly diagnosed and relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia.

Intensive chemotherapy remains the standard for newly diagnosed (ND) acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, relapse risk remains high. Additionally, most patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) AML have poor outcomes. We report the long-term experience of 138 patients, 77 ND and 61 RR, treated with FLAG-IDA in combination with venetoclax.

Mechanism of dimer selectivity and binding cooperativity of BRAF inhibitors.

Aberrant signaling of BRAF is a major cancer driver. Current FDA-approved RAF inhibitors selectively inhibit the monomeric BRAF and suffer from tumor resistance. Recently, dimer-selective and equipotent RAF inhibitors have been developed; however, the mechanism of dimer selectivity is poorly understood.

Extracellular vesicles from the lung pro-thrombotic niche drive cancer-associated thrombosis and metastasis via integrin beta 2.

Cancer is a systemic disease with complications beyond the primary tumor site. Among them, thrombosis is the second leading cause of death in patients with certain cancers (e.g.

Aging, cancer, and autophagy: connections and therapeutic perspectives.

Aging and cancer are intricately linked through shared molecular processes that influence both the onset of malignancy and the progression of age-related decline. As organisms age, cellular stress, genomic instability, and an accumulation of senescent cells create a pro-inflammatory environment conducive to cancer development. Autophagy, a cellular process responsible for degrading and recycling damaged components, plays a pivotal role in this relationship.

, or spaceflight-induced thymic involution.

Spaceflight imposes a constellation of physiological challenges-cosmic radiation, microgravity, disrupted circadian rhythms, and psychosocial stress-that critically compromise astronaut health. Among the most vulnerable organs is the thymus, a cornerstone of immune system functionality, tasked with generating naive T cells essential for adaptive immunity. The thymus is particularly sensitive to spaceflight conditions, as its role in maintaining immune homeostasis is tightly regulated by a balance of systemic and local factors easily disrupted in space.

Resistance mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of CDK4 and CDK6 kinase targeting in cancer.

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are important regulators of the cell cycle. Selective CDK4/6 small-molecule inhibitors have shown clinical activity in hormonal receptor-positive (HR) metastatic breast cancer, but their effectiveness remains limited in other cancer types. CDK4/6 degradation and improved selectivity across CDK paralogs are approaches that could expand the effectiveness of CDK4/6 targeting.

Randomized Evaluation of the PET-Adjusted IMRT for NSCLC Trial (REPAINT).

Background: Standard radiation therapy (RT) for locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) employs a uniform dose of approximately 60 Gy. Recent trials demonstrated that RT dose escalation may not improve outcomes and may cause added toxicity. We previously performed a single-arm trial testing a personalized, risk-adapted, and deintensified RT strategy.

Tumour-infiltrating Lymphocytes and Radiation Therapy in Rectal Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aim: Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent a promising cancer biomarker. Different TILs, including CD8+, CD4+, CD3+, and FOXP3+, have been associated with clinical outcomes. However, data are lacking regarding the value of TILs for patients receiving radiation therapy (RT).

Trends in Incidence of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast by Race: Patterns by Age, Cancer Stage, and Socioeconomic Factors in the United States, 1992-2019.

Purpose: There is scarce literature about the role of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status on the incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). We sought to assess trends in ILC incidence by race/ethnicity across age, cancer stage, and socioeconomic status subgroups in the United States from 1992 to 2019.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included data from SEER12 registries.

Inhibition of DKK-1 by WAY262611 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Metastasis.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in childhood. Patients who present with metastatic disease at diagnosis or relapse have a very poor prognosis, and this has not changed over the past four decades. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in regulating osteogenesis and is implicated in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

Transforming growth factor beta receptor type I (TGF-βRI) kinase inhibitors IOA-359 and IOA-360 stimulate erythropoiesis in MDS.

Overactivation of the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of cytopenias in Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). IOA-359 and IOA-360 are potent small molecule inhibitors of the TGF-beta Receptor type I kinase (TGF-βRI, also referred to as ALK5, activin receptor-like kinase 5) that abrogate SMAD phosphorylation in hematopoietic cell lines. Both inhibitors were able to inhibit TGF-β mediated gene transcription at specific doses.

Tobacco and Cannabis Co-Use by Sexual Minority Adults in the United States, 2022.

Introduction: Given the negative health outcomes of tobacco and cannabis co-use, understanding the co-use of tobacco and cannabis is important, particularly regarding those with higher health burdens, such as sexual minority individuals. This study examined the co-use of tobacco and cannabis by sexual identity.

Methods: The adult sample from the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was used for this study.

The History of Breast Cancer Early Detection: 1865 - 2020.

Early detection is a relative newcomer in medicine, with its efficacy relying not only on therapy but also on the availability of evidence supporting the advantage of treatment at an earlier stage. Late 19th century histologic evidence that cancer begins as a single primary focus and Halsted's centrifugal theory of stepwise spread (breast, regional nodes, and systemic distribution) provided the rationale for both en bloc surgery and the lifesaving benefit of early detection. Clinicians soon noticed exceptions to this ordered timeline, and pathologists identified histological features that questioned its primacy; however, Bernard Fisher spearheaded the initial challenge.

Smoking-Associated Carcinogen-Induced Inflammation Promotes Lung Carcinogenesis via IRAK4 Activation.

Purpose: Even though smoking is associated with lung cancer, the exact molecular pathways that link carcinogens with inflammation and oncogenic transformation are not well elucidated. Two major carcinogens in cigarette smoke, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and benzo(α)pyrene (BaP), have not been tested in models that mimic inhaled exposure for prolonged periods of time.

Experimental Design: Mouse models were used for intratracheal delivery of NNK and BaP (NB) for 18 months.