The negligible role of carbon offsetting in corporate climate strategies.

Carbon credits feature prominently in corporate climate strategies and have sparked public debate about their potential to delay companies' internal decarbonisation. While industry reports claim that credit purchasers decarbonise faster, rigorous evidence is missing. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of 89 multinational companies' historical emission reductions and climate target ambitions.

Immune-related actinopathies at the cross-road of immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and autoinflammation.

Actin cytoskeleton remodelling drives the migration of immune cells and their engagement in dynamic cell-cell contacts. The importance of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in immune cell function is highlighted by the discovery of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) that are caused by defects in individual actin-regulatory proteins, resulting in immune-related actinopathies. In addition to susceptibility to infection, these often present with a vast array of autoimmune and autoinflammatory manifestations.

The maximum T of conventional superconductors at ambient pressure.

The theoretical maximum critical temperature (T) for conventional superconductors at ambient pressure remains a fundamental question in condensed matter physics. Through analysis of electron-phonon calculations for over 20,000 metals, we critically examine this question. We find that while hydride metals can exhibit maximum phonon frequencies of more than 5000 K, the crucial logarithmic average frequency rarely exceeds 1800 K.

Chromosome-level assembly of the 400-year-old Goethe's Palm (Chamaerops humilis L.).

The rapid decline in global biodiversity highlights the urgent need for conservation efforts, with botanical gardens playing a crucial role in ex situ plant preservation. Monumental plants, such as the 400-year-old Goethe's Palm (Chamaerops humilis L.) at the Padua Botanical Garden serve as vital flagship species with significant ecological and cultural value.

Integrated single-cell atlas of human atherosclerotic plaques.

Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by the buildup of lipids and chronic inflammation in the arteries, leading to plaque formation and potential rupture. Despite recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq), the underlying immune mechanisms and transformations in structural cells driving plaque progression remain incompletely defined. Existing datasets often lack comprehensive coverage and consistent annotations, limiting the utility of downstream analyses.

Proximity labeling of axonemal protein CFAP91 identifies EFCAB5 that regulates sperm motility.

Radial spokes (RSs) are conserved multimolecular structures attached to the axonemal microtubule doublets and are essential for the motility control of both cilia and sperm flagella. CFAP91, an RS3 protein, is implicated in human male infertility, yet its molecular function remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that Cfap91 knockout (KO) mice exhibit impaired sperm flagellum formation and male infertility.

The Accommodation of Excess Charge in Binary Particle Lattices: A Many-Body Electrostatic Study.

Many binary particle lattices are fabricated from charged particles on the assumption that the resultant structure is overall charge neutral. Results presented here from calculations on nine separate particle lattice types show that when both Coulomb and many-body multipole electrostatic interactions are taken into account, a lattice can actually gain stability by accommodating a small excess charge, either positive or negative. This effect arises from an increase in stability due to charge-induced multipole interactions, which serve to counteract destabilizing interactions that arise from repulsive Coulomb forces.

regulates early postnatal DPP4 preadipocyte pool expansion.

Adipose tissue is rapidly expanding early in life. Elucidating the queues facilitating this process will advance our understanding of metabolically healthy obesity. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified compositional differences of prewean and adult murine subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Night shift work and risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective cohort study among 56 477 female nurses in the Netherlands.

Objectives: Night shift work has been classified as probably carcinogenic to humans, possibly related to suppression of melatonin secretion. Although experimental studies suggest that melatonin inhibits intestinal tumor proliferation, epidemiological evidence for a relationship between night shift work and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is lacking.

Methods: We prospectively examined the association between night shift work and CRC in the Nightingale Study.

Capturing CO under Dry and Humid Conditions: When Does the Parent MOF Outperform the MTV MOF?

A key challenge in capturing CO from postcombustion gases is humidity due to competitive adsorption between CO and HO. Multivariate (MTV) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been considered a promising option to address this problem, e.g.

Uncovering the evolving arms race between host immunity and HIV-1.

Despite an effective combination of antiretroviral therapy, HIV persists as a lifelong infection and global health threat. The human host equips restriction factors and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes that target every step of the viral life cycle. However, HIV-1 has evolved a coordinated immune evasion strategy using a limited set of accessory proteins with distinct antagonistic functions.

Food production from air: gas precision fermentation with hydrogen-oxidising bacteria.

The breach of six planetary boundaries highlights the need for sustainable food production. Aerobic hydrogen-oxidising bacteria (HOBs) convert atmospheric CO and green hydrogen (H) into biomass via gas fermentation, a process already used for food-grade single-cell protein production. This approach enables a supply chain independent of agriculture, requiring minimal land and water, with potential for carbon-neutral production and carbon capture.

Quantification of breath metabolites in labouring versus non-labouring patients: a feasibility study.

clinicaltrials.gov NCT04564196.

Photoacoustic detection of propofol in breath gas for monitoring depth of anaesthesia: from bench to bedside.

Background: Ensuring adequate depth of i.v. anaesthesia by measuring propofol in breath gas could increase patient safety.

Association of intraoperative end-tidal CO levels with postoperative outcomes: a patient-level analysis of two randomised clinical trials.

Background: The relationship between intraoperative end-tidal CO (etCO) levels and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. We conducted a post hoc analysis of two randomised trials in adults undergoing major surgery under general anaesthesia.

Methods: We re-analysed individual participant data comparing high or low positive end-expiratory pressure with low tidal volume intraoperative ventilation using a merged database derived from two randomised trials in non-obese (PROVHILO: ISRCTN70332574) and obese (PROBESE: NCT02148692) patients.

Material effects on the long-term survival and complication rate of cemented implant-supported single crowns: A retrospective clinical study.

Statement Of Problem: Despite high survival rates of implant-supported single crowns, retention loss remains common and decementation of crowns can compromise long-term stability, patient satisfaction, and treatment costs. Limited long-term evidence on cement type, abutment design, and materials requires further research to optimize clinical outcomes.

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to analyze the survival and decementation rates of zirconia and metal-ceramic implant-supported crowns in combination with different abutments (prefabricated or custom and unabraded or airborne-particle abraded).

Exploring the role of gender on treatment outcomes in older adults with alcohol use disorder.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among older adults, particularly with respect to gender differences in treatment outcomes, remains underexplored. Our objective was to explore gender differences in AUD treatment outcomes among older adults, focusing on continuous measures (e.g.

Clinical Evaluation of Susceptibility-weighted MR Imaging for the Detection of Intramammary Micro- and Macrocalcifications in 70 Female Patients at 1.5T.

Purpose: The ability to accurately detect and characterize intramammary micro- and macrocalcifications without ionized radiation has significant clinical implications for early breast cancer assessment. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility of detecting intramammary calcifications using 3D multi-echo gradient echo (ME-GRE) magnitude and true susceptibility-weighted images (tSWI) compared to digital mammography (DM) in patients with different breast sizes and densities of breast parenchyma at 1.5T.

Characterization of CNS Network Changes in Two Rodent Models of Chronic Pain.

Neuroimaging in rodents holds promise for advancing our understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms that underlie chronic pain. Employing two established, but pathophysiologically distinct rodent models of chronic pain, the aim of the present study was to characterize chronic pain-related functional changes with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In Experiment 1, we report findings from Lewis rats 3 weeks after Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into the knee joint (n = 16) compared with the controls (n = 14).

Relevance of Georg Grosz's Weimar-era drawings to promoting social justice and health equity in contemporary society.

The arts and humanities can direct attention to the health-threatening effects of adverse living and working conditions and the political and economic systems that spawn them. Most of these efforts aim to improve healthcare by promoting empathy and sensitivity among health professionals towards patients and improving clinical skills. However, less effort is devoted towards improving living and working conditions-the structural and social determinants of health-that cause illness and make managing illness difficult.

Moderate Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Evolving Evidence and Management Strategies.

Secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR) is common in patients with heart failure (HF). Although randomized clinical trials have been focused on the treatment of severe SMR, the prognostic role and potential for treatment of moderate SMR cannot be overlooked. The randomized RESHAPE-HF2 trial included patients with moderate and severe SMR with consistent findings in both groups, raising the hypothesis that transcatheter correction of moderate SMR could have beneficial effects, although this needs further investigation.